Recent trend in materials

Recent trend in materials

1. Learner-centredness

   • Language as an instrument to do something else, Graddol 2006.
     • English as a core skill, Graddol 2006.
       • Integrated skills: include the 4 skills naturally
         • Internet enables learners to carry out real tasks
           • Textbook is on the verge of extinction

2. Recent trends: coursebooks

   • Books evaluation according to authors
     • Collie, J. & Slater,S. (1995). True to Life Elementary. C.U.P.
       • Oxenden, C. & Seligson, P. (1996). English File Student`s Book 1. O.U.P
         • Liz & John Soars. (2009) New Headway Intermediate. O.U.P
           • Puchta, H. Stranks, J. (2010). More! C.U.P.
     • Dominant claims
       • Roles of teachers and learners
         • Learner autonomy
           • Learner training
             • Learner-generated syllabi
               • Self-access
                 • Learner error
                   • Evaluation
     • Multi-syllabus approach
       • Functional books
         • Grammar and lexical syllabus specified separately
           • Swan`s rejection of strong forms of CLT
             • Stern observes syllabus design, 1993.
               • Conscious knowledge of grammar was important
               • Analysis
                 • Phonology
                   • Morphology
                     • Syntax
                       • Lexis
                         • Semantics
                           • Discourse analysis
                             • Sociolinguistics
                               • Formal techniques
                         • Lexical Syllabus
                           • Pawley, A. and Snyder F., 1983.
                             • Nativelike selection
                             • Nativelike fluency
                           • Richards, J.C. and Schmidt R.
                             • Use of language in tasks
                             • Learner in their language learning
       • Task-based work
         • Assimilation through interaction
           • Vocabulary and grammar
             • CLIL= incorporate content into language classes
               • Target language as a vehicle
                 • Problematic grading and sequencing of tasks
                   • Learner emphasis
                     • Learning styles, learning strategies and conscious knowledge
                       • Affect outcome
         • Authentic materials and the Internet
           • Language in use
             • Proper object of language study
               • Students are much more active as producer of the target language
                 • Internet and satellite TV, blogs, threads, wikis and chat-lines.
                   • Pedagogic tools
                     • Extremely informal in reduced SMS form
                       • Phonemic and grammatical reductions
                     • Multi-level materials
                       • Inclusion of mixed level work in published material
                         • Multiple Intelligences, Gardner.
                           • Affect materials design
                             • webography, Yücel.
                   • "VLE" Virtual learning environments
                     • System designed to support teaching and learning
                       • Educational setting
                         • Learning at one`s own pace
                           • Learner-centred materials
                     • Incorporate on-line materials
                       • Through interactive whiteboard technology
     • DOGME movement
       • Minimize the use of textbooks and technology
         • They view them as anti-conversationalist

3. Recent trends in supplementary materials

   • Tomlinson definition, 1998.
     • Materials designed to be used in addition to core materials of a course
       • Usually related to the development of skills
         • Not for learning language items
   • Language use
     • Skills work
       • Sub-skills
         • Enabling skills for successful language use
   • Stern`s list of supplementary materials
     • Integration of skills work
       • Conscious study of language rules
         • Importance of lexis in language use
           • Learning to learn
             • Increased educational technology

4. Framework for characterising frames in materials

   • Stern
     • 3 separate sets of axis along "teaching strategies"
       • Intralingual - Crosslingual
         • Explicit - Implicit
           • Analytical - Experimental
             • Conscious vs unconscious
               • Analytic
                 • Language sufficient analysis to offer a base for learning
                   • Explicit approaches
                     • Conscious learning
               • Experimental
                 • Create conditions in language class
                   • Focus on message
                     • Depend on current state of linguistic description
           • Language complexity analysis
             • Former vs Latter, Stern 1993.
               • They complement each other
                 • Both contribute to proficiency development
                   • Combinations of the two strategies are possible
                     • Significant effects on materials design
         • The role L1 plays in L2 teaching and learning
           • "Direct Method" (intralingual) vs "Grammar Translation Method" (crosslingual
             • Comparison of L1 with L2 can be a productive learning strategy
               • Intralingual practices: learners build up their new language separately from L1:
     • Allows us to prioritize
       • Materials design, adaptation and evaluation
         • According to our own beliefs

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