Energy systems

Energy systems

1. ATP-PC system (phosphocreatine)

   • ADP + PC -> ATP + C
     • Using the PC that is stored in the muscle cells leaves the creatine (C) waiting to be converted back to PC- A process that uses energy and more ATP
       • ATP + energy + C -> ADP + PC
         • for high intensity maximum work and no oxygen is needed lasts up to 3- 10 seconds

2. Lactic acid system

   • depends on the chemical process called glycolysis the breakdown of sugar
     • Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver
       • Breakdown of one molecule of glycogen provides the energy to rebuild 2 ATP from 2 ADP
         • It is anaerobic and takes place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell
           • No oxygen is needed the end product of this reaction is lactic acid can last up to 40 seconds

3. Aerobic system

   • Stage 1 glycolysis- takes place in the sarcoplasm identified in the lactic acid system
     • ATP regenerated= 2 ATP per molecule of glucose
       • Stage two- Krebs's cycle (citric acid cycle)- occurs in the presence of oxygen, takes place in the mitochondria. This process is facilitated by the number of enzymes present in the muscle cell
         • ATP = regenerated = 2 to 3 ATP per molecule of glucose
           • Stage 3 Electron transport chain- presence of oxygen in the inner part of the muscle cell mitochondria
             • hydrogen ions and electrons have potential energy which is released to produce the ATP
               • ATP regenerated= 32 to 34 ATP per molecule of glucose