B1 C7 First Relationships studies

B1 C7 First Relationships studies

1. MESHING

   • Kaye & Fogel 1980 studied turn taking in face to face interaction
     • examined video tapes of mum baby dyads of mums getting babies' attenition + play with them normally
       • recorded "greeting behaviour" (smiles, vocalisations, mouth expressions)
         • reaction was either reactive in rsponse to mum or proactive intitiated by baby
           • at 6 wks babies greeting was random + almost always reactive
             • by 13 wks, greetings often in "packages"- like the burst-pause rhythm of feeding, + proactive
               • by 26 wks greetings more deliberate, particulary towards mum. Proactive as often reactive
         • Mum's greetings fairly consistant- but better at fitting their greetings around baby's
           • greeted less at 26wks when didn't have baby's attention-suggests the mum's behaviour has been altered by baby's
     • these pseudo-dialogues evolve into proto-dialogues as baby's social skils develop (timing, response)
       • they have the form of normal dialgoues but without the lang content

2. IMITATION

   • studies observe tounge poking, mouth opening, lip widening, pouting
     • Moran et al 1987:
       • babies produce actions nautrually, mums repsond to them
       • mums imitate babies more than vice vera
       • mums may perform 'anticipatory' imitation - they're sensitve enough to respond ot their baby's needs
     • Pawlby 1977 logitudunal study mum baby pairs from 4-10mo
       • mum imitated babies more than vice versa
       • facial movements predominated from 4-6mo
         • 6mo hand movements were also used
           • 8mo imitaions with objects (rattles) etc dominated
     • studies find that babies do this spontanteously without stimuli. mums fit behaviour around baby's
       • enables babies to learn that their acitions are effective at stimulations response + mum will respond predictivley
         • baby then incorporates this knowledge into its mental model of mum- begining forming T.O.M

3. SCAFFOLDING

   • Bruner 1975 study into how joint action can form the basis of lang dev (leading to real dialogue rather than pseudo
     • he described JOINT ACTION FORMATS- mum uses objs to demo simple sequences over + over
       • baby learns that they can be used with dialogue (inter-subjective topics) + talk about them. And they can do it by themselves
     • used SCAFFOLDING to describe interactions betwen adult + bb involving objs
       • adults control aspects situation that bb isn't yet able to do
         • leaves enough opportunity for bb to "stretch" its abilities so they dev ZPD
   • Wood et al 1976
     • mums use modelling to show what's possible
       • CUEING- indicates they should do smthing particular
         • RAISING THE ANTE- encourage infant to do more diff actions. Perhaps by combing simple ones
   • Vygotsky 1962
     • proposed that all thought starts off in inteactions between ppl before becoming incorporated in their MENTAL MODELS
       • ZPD- gap between what a bb can do + adult shows them what's poss. 1st help then alone

4. CONTAINING

   • Bbs diff ot reseach- uncoperative 50% due to freeting, feeding etc
     • 5 typical states of attention: 1 deep sleep. 2. light sleep 3. quiet alert. 4. ctive awake. crying/freeting 25-50% day doing this
       • TEMPERAMENT depends how long they'll stay in that state
         • Sorensen 1977- If mum can get show bb they're able to handle it + getit back to calm state the bb learns strong emotions can be contained