Realism

Realism

1. Features of realism can include... hyper-real detail, a possible situation, realistic depiction of skin/textures, fooling the eye to make you think you could touch the work etc.

   • SPAIN
     • Context of Spain as an artistic Centre
       • Velazquez
       • Pachaco
   • ITALY
     • Context of Italy as an artistic Centre
       • Annibale Carracci
       • Carravaggio
       • Bernini
   • ENGLAND
     • Context of England as an artistic Centre
       • Holbein
         • Henry VIII, King of England, 1536 - REALISTIC BECAUSE...very strong outlines. Very linear portraits. Very fine brushes. Holbein used high heed colors and there is great clarity to the images. Often uses a bright color in the background to make the figure pop. Crispness of details and clarity.
           • UNREALISTIC BECAUSE...– strong stance and physicality, the size of the figure, they purposefully wore massive clothes to make themselves look even bigger, clothes are padded.
       • Mytens
       • Hilliard
   • DUTCH REPUBLIC
     • Context of the Dutch Republic as an Artistic Centre
       • Rubens
       • Van Dyck
       • Bosschart
       • Rembrandt
         • The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tukp, 1631 - REALISTIC BECAUSE.... His gesture of his left is an allocution gesture, clear he is teaching. His face has very slightly parted lips and slightly raised eyebrows, implies he is speaking. Always had anatomy lessons in the winter, criminal donates his body to science, a public spectacle, you could buy tickets, and they took place in a theatre. Rembrandt would have seen the lesson played out and would have taken drawings of what went on. Has so many layers of story – the lesson, the story of aris kent, moral ambiguity, gives aris kent nobility.
           • UNREALISTIC BECAUSE...Looking in all directions, all of their eyes are sporadically directed. The body looks like dead Christ. The first part of the body that is dissected is the abdomen, but he has chosen not to depict this. This gives kent more dignity, more recognizable as Christ, chose the hand because it is the source of the surgeons virtue, Rembrandts painting hand. Painting as a didactic tool.
       • Paulus Potter:
         • The Bull 1647 - REALISTIC BECAUSE... pride in their animal husbandry. Cow was a major symbol of the dutch republic. The potential and the limitations of the word realism at the time. This is realistic because it has hyper-real detail. Captures movement, sense of immediacy, bird flying through the sky, farmer has just turned to face you. Ways to fool the eye into thinking its real. Off-center composition.
           • UNREALISTIC BECAUSE... Tight cluster of animals all together looking out at us isn’t really realistic. Grass looks quite staged. This isn’t really what a bull looks like, they have added a few different parts together and put them together.

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