BEHAVIOURISM

BEHAVIOURISM

1. Definition

   • . It is a theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment
   • “Infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice. Human role models in an infant’s environment provide the stimuli and rewards”.
   • There are three types of behaviorism
     • Methodological
     • Psychological
     • Analytical/Logical

2. Key words

   • Stimulus-response
   • Language learning
   • Rewarding- punishing
   • Imitation-reinforcement
   • Interaction and association

3. Theorists

   • John Watson
   • Leonard Bloomfield
   • B.F. Skinner
   • Clark Hull’s
   • Pavlov
   • O.N. Mowrer

4. Advantages

   • Focuses on observable, measurable behaviors
   • Useful for modifying behaviors in the real-world
   • Useful applications in therapy, education, parenting, child care

5. Disadvantages

   • Ignores mediational processes
   • Ignores biology
   • Too deterministic
   • Does not explain all learning

6. How does learning occur?

   • Operant Conditioning: It’s a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments.
   • Classical Conditioning: Stimulus-response model or learning by associations.

7. Example situation

   • when teachers reward their class or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behavior throughout the week. The same concept is used with punishments.

8. Personal experience

   • I was a child I was going to choke on a candy and people told me not to play or move when the candy was in my mouth, but I did it and I was choking, my mom punished me so I wouldn't do it again. it is called Operant Conditioning and in this case it is negative reinforcement.