The word

The word

1. 2. The word as a linguistic sign

   • Definition of word.
   • 2.1. The word as a linguistic sign.
     • Saussure: Cours de Linguistique Génerale.
       • Structuralism. Word characteristics.
         • 1. It is lingusitic.
         • It constitutes an arbitrary association.
           • a) Significant.
           • Signified

2. 3. Lexical semantics. Sense relations

   • 3.1. Hyponimy
   • 3.2. Synonymy
     • 3.2.1. The question of the possibility of total synonymy (Palmer)
       • Not possible, they differ
         • They may differ because: They belong to different dialects of the language / They belong to different styles / They have different emotive or evaluative meanings.
           • Distinction between emotive and cognitive meaning
             • Not possible to establish what cognitive meaning is.
             • There are words which are just for evaluative purposes.
             • The meaning of the words is not a matter of objective facts. (subjective)
             • Some words have colloquial restriction, they occur only in conjunction with other words. Rancid-bacon or butler.
     • 3.2.2. Context dependdant synonymy
       • Depends on the context: Deep profound-Sympathy / Deep profound-water.
         • English teachers.
   • 3.3. Antonimy
     • 3.3.1. Sapir's implicitly graded synonyms
       • They may be seen in terms of the degree of the qualities involved.
     • 3.3.2. Lyon's complementaries
       • They are incompatible with each other
       • They are members of two-set terms.
       • Negation of one of the terms implies certainty of the other.
       • The distinction between complementaries and implicitly graded.
     • 3.3.3. Relational opposites
     • 3.3.4. Homonymy and polysemy
       • Explaining a little bit the differences and why they may present problems.
     • 3.3.5. Distinction between homonymy and polysemy
       • a) Etymological criteria.
       • b) Relatedness of meaning.

3. 4. Fase friends

4. 5. Lexical creativity

   • 5.1. Fixed and dynamic nature of language.
     • Affixation.
     • Conversion.
     • Compounding.
   • 5.2. Constraints to lexical productivity
     • 1. Phonological.
     • 2. Syntagmatic.
     • 3. Grammatical.
   • 5.3. Folk etimology
   • 5.4. Individual creativity.
     • With no change in the semantics of the basis.
     • Nonce formations (para una sola ocasión).