MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS

1. CAN

   • Uses
     • Express ability (in present). Request or permission
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "can" + verb (base) + complement.
     • -: Subject + "can't" + verb (base)+ complement
     • ?: "can/can't + subject + verb (base)+ complement
   • Examples
     • You can dance very well
     • He can´t dance very well
     • Can you dance?

2. COULD

   • Uses
     • Express ability (in past). Request
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "could" + verb (base) + complement
     • -: Subject + couldn't + verb (base) + complement
     • ?: "could/couldn't + subject + verb (base) + complement
   • Examples
     • He could play the guitar when he was young
     • I couldn't play guitar when I was young
     • Could Luis play guitar when he was young?

3. SHOULD

   • Uses
     • Recommendation/advice
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "should" + verb(infinitive without "to) + ...
     • -: Subject + "shouldn't" + verb(infinitive without "to") + ...
     • ?: "Should/shouldn't + subject + verb(infinitive without "to) + ...
   • Examples
     • You should work
     • You shouldn't work very hard
     • Should you work...?

4. WILL

   • Uses
     • Prediction (future)
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "will" + verb(infinitive without "to") + ...
     • -: Subject + "won't" + verb(infinitive without "to")
     • ?: "will/won't + subject + verb (infinitive without "to") + ...
   • Examples
     • I will go to the party
     • I won't go to the party
     • Will I go to the party?

5. SHALL

   • Uses
     • Offer
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "shall" + verb(infinitive without "to") + ...
     • -: Subject + "shan't" + verb(infinitive without "to") + ...
     • ?: "shall/shan't" + subject + verb(infinitive without "to")
   • Examples
     • We shall go to the park
     • We shan't go to the park
     • Shall we go to the park?

6. MIGHT

   • Uses
     • Small probability
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "might" + verb + ...
     • -: Subject + "might" + "not" + verb + ...
     • ?: "Might/might not" + subject + verb + ...
   • Examples
     • I might buy a new car in december
     • I might not buy a new car in december
     • Might I buy a new car in december?

7. MAY

   • Uses
     • Good probability
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "may" + verb + ...
     • -: Subject + "may" + "not" + verb + ...
     • ?: "may/may not" + subject + verb + ...
   • Examples
     • I may buy a house this year
     • I may not buy a house this year
     • May I buy a house this year?

8. MUST

   • Uses
     • Obligation/rule
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "must" + verb + ...
     • -: Subject + "mustn't" + verb + ...
     • ?: "must/mustn't" + subject + verb + ...
   • Examples
     • I must wash the clothes
     • I mustn't wash the clothes
     • Must I wash the clothes?

9. WOULD

   • Uses
     • Request. Offer
   • Forms (+, -, ?)
     • +: Subject + "would" + verb + ...
     • -: Subject + "wouldn't" + verb + ...
     • ?: "Would/wouldn't" + subject + verb + ...
   • Examples
     • She would like a cup of water
     • She wouldn't like a cup of water
     • Would she like a cup of water?

10. OUGHT TO

    • Uses
      • Formal recommendation
    • Forms (+, -, ?)
      • +: Subject + "ought to" + verb + ...
      • -: Subject + "ought not" + verb + ...
      • ?: "ought" + subject + "to" + verb + ...
    • Examples
      • He ought to go to the school
      • He ought not go to the school
      • Ought he to go to the school?

11. HAVE TO

    • Uses
      • Obligations
    • Forms (+, -, ?)
      • +: Subject + "have to" + verb + ...
      • -: Subject + "don't/doesn't have to" + verb + ...
      • ?: "do" + subject "have to/don't or doesn't" + verb + ...
    • Examples
      • I have to study
      • I don't have to study
      • Do I have to study?

12. BE ABLE TO

    • Uses
      • Ability
    • Forms (+, -, ?)
      • +: Subject + "be able to" + verb + ...
      • -: Subject + " do not/does not be able to" + verb + ...
      • ?: "Do" + subject + "be able to/don't or doesn't be able to" + verb + ...
    • Examples
      • I be able to play basketball very well
      • I do not be able to play basketball very well
      • Do I be able to play basketball?

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