Meaning and morphosyntax

Meaning and morphosyntax

1. Based on analysing all elements of words

   • Grammatical categories
     • Nouns
       • Dog -Flower- Tree
     • Verbs
       • Run- Jump- Kiss
     • Adjectives
       • Red- Kind- Short

2. Morpho-distributional criteria

   • Inflectional
     • Changes to a word that don't modify its meaning or syntactic category
       • Nouns
         • Cat(s)
         • Horse(s)
         • Dog(s)
       • Verbs
         • Stop(ped)
         • Wait(ed)
         • Run(ning)
   • Derivational
     • Changes to a word that modify its meaning or syntactic category.
       • Nouns
         • Friend(Ship)
         • King(dom)
       • Adjectives
         • Friend(ly)
         • Power(less)

3. Semantic category

   • Nouns
     • Name of living being or Lifeless things
       • Stone
       • Cat
       • Teacher
   • Verbs
     • Word that denotes an action or being state
       • Cook
       • Understand
       • Walk
   • Adjectives
     • Describe characteristics of someone or something
       • Cute
       • Beautiful
       • Strong

4. Verbs and predication

   • Predicate indicates what the subject does
     • Composed by a verb that does the action
       • Verb as predicator
         • Ann Play the piano
         • Ann went to the school
         • Ann kissed her boyfriend

5. Semantics Tense

   • State in relation to the time of speaking
     • Present
       • Juan eats a donut
       • Juan doesn't eat a donut
       • Does Juan eat a donut?
     • Future
       • Mariana will be a teacher.
       • Mariana won't be a teacher.
       • Will Mariana be a teacher?
     • Past
       • Marcela studied yesterday
       • Marcela didn't study
       • Did Marcela study?

6. Aspect and Aktionsart

   • Perfective
     • Action that ends at the very moment it is done.
       • Lina will buy a dress
       • Lina went to the school yesterday
       • Lina dances with Juan in the club
   • Imperfective
     • Action in progress and has not yet been completed.
       • Lina is dancing in my house
       • Lina was reading a book
       • Lina will be cooking a cake