Unit 5 or sommin

Unit 5 or sommin

1. Networks

   • Topologies
     • Bus
       • The network consits of a singular wire that all devices connect to
       • Advantage: Cheap and simple to set up
       • Disadvantage: Very easily damaged and high chance of catastrophic failure
       • Disadvanage: The bigger the network the slower all devices will be due to a large increase in collisions
     • Ring
       • All devices are connected in a ring with all data going one way around the ring
       • Advantages: Cheap and no collisions
       • Disadvantages: Catastrophic failure is common and can happen if any one of the cables breaks, it is also difficult to add new devices
     • Star
       • A Newtwork where all devices are connected to a central hub or switch
       • Advantages: reliable as each connection to the network is seperate so one break in the cable will not be catastrophic for the whole system.
       • Advantages: higher speeds are possible as there are less colisions due to each devices being connected individually
       • Disadvantages: Expensive to set up and the whole network relies on the central hub or switch
     • Mesh
       • Circuit Switching
         • A single route is locked and used throughout the entirety of the transmition blocking other transfers on that route
         • Since data arrives in the same order it is sent, it can be use straight away with little lag. This is used by voice calls on phone network as real-time communication is needed with little lag
       • Packet Switching
         • The data is split up into packets which take different routes to the destination locking each route for a much shorter length of time each packet must be numbered in order to reassemble them correctly again
         • A delay is needed to ensure all packets are recieved before being able to use them. Packet switching is used for large data transfers such as games or large projects
       • Pathfinding
         • Before sending data each node calculates its connections with other nodes and decides which is the fastest to send the data across
       • Each computer is device is connected to multiple other devices
       • Advantages: Zero catastrophic failure as there is always another pathway for the data
       • Disadvantages: redundency due to many uneccessary connections
   • Types Of Network
     • LAN
       • Local Area Network - a network of devices that covers a small geographical area
     • WAN
       • Wide Area Network - A network that covers a large geographical area

2. Hardware

   • A switch routes packets round a network by analysing them and sending them to the device they are addressed to
   • A hub routes packets round a network by blindly sending them to every device it’s connected to
   • A bridge connects together two networks that use the same base protocols
   • A gateway connects together two networks that use different base protocols
   • A router stores the addresses of computers on its network and transfers their data to devices on other networks
   • A Wireless Access Point is a device that creates a wireless network and allows other devices to connect
   • A Network Interface Card is a device that joins the network (wired or wireless) and connects to a computer or other device

3. TCP/IP

   • Application
   • Presentation
   • Session
   • Transport
   • Network
   • Data Link
   • Physical

4. CyberSecurity

   • Threats
     • Malware
     • Phishing
     • Social Engineering
     • Brute Force Attacks
     • Denial Of Service Attacks
     • Data Interception And Theft
     • SQL Injection
   • Consiquences
   • Defenses
     • Penetration Testing
     • Network Forensics
     • Anti-Malware Software
     • Firewalls
     • User Access levels
     • Passwords
     • 2 Factor Authentication

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