Contrastive Semantics

Contrastive Semantics

1. Semantics, is the study of meaning.

   • Meaning of expressions in a natural language:
     • words
       • phrases
         • texts
       • sentences

2. Linguistics semantics provide:

   • Definition of the meaning of expressions
   • An explanation of their meaning
   • A representation of their meaning

3. Semantic (or sense) relations can be:

   • intra-lexical
     • (between the different senses of one and the same lexical item). Most notably polysemy.
   • inter-lexical
     • (between the senses of more than one word). These include synonymy, antonomy, etc.

4. Polysemy

   • It is the result of some mechanisms that extend the meaning of the words used in all languages
     • They include:
       • connotation
         • metaphor
           • metonymy
     • False Friends
       • Words/phrases in two languages with similarities, but significant semantic differences
         • Belong to some common semantic field
           • constipaded-constipado
           • Belong to different semantic fields
             • carpet-carpeta
           • Overlap partially
             • relative-relative

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