Nonprofit Org Effectiveness

Nonprofit Org Effectiveness

1. FOR-PROFIT MODELS

   • Bhargava and Sinha, 1992: Production, commitment, leadership, and interpersonal conflict
     • Joys, 2001: for-profit organizations effectiveness measured by profitability and customer satisfaction

2. EXTERNAL/INTERNAL VALUES FRAMEWORK

   • Quinn and Rohrbaurg, 1983: Competing values framework - CVF (flexibility-control, internal-external, and means-end)
     • Quinn and Rohrbaugh (CVF), 1983
     • Quinn, 1988: flexibility-control and internal-external are sufficient measures (HR, open systems, rational goal, and internal process)
       • Christensen and Gazley, 2007: Internal and External continuum (Infrastructure, HR/Leadership, Financial Resources and management, Ext Environment)
         • Christensen and Gazley, 2008 (Internal, External)
         • Andrews, 2010: 1. Context affects Resources (both affect org effectiveness); 2. Org practices and leadership model
           • Andrews, 2010

3. EFFECTIVENESS=PERFORMANCE

   • Sowa, 2004: Performance = effectiveness.
     • Sowa, 2004: 2 levels of performance - management and org performance
       • Herman and Renz, 1997: More effective nonprofit organizations are more likely to use "correct" management practices"
       • Selden and Sowa, 2004: Performance=Program Outcomes. Program Capacity, Management Capacity, Management Outcomes, and Environmental Controls
         • in attached 2 pages
         • Selden and Sowa, 2004 Org Performance Model
         • Sowa, 2008: Relationship of Government Tools on Org Effectiveness
           • Sandfort et al, 2008 Governance Tools

4. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION/STAKEHOLDER JUDGEMENT

   • Quinn and Rohrbaugh, 1983: Org effectiveness as a socially constructed, abstract notion in organizational theorists and researchers
     • Herman and Renz, 1997: organization effectiveness is always a matter of comparison
       • Herman and Renz, 1997: effectiveness as a social construction - "Effectiveness is stakeholder judgment, formed and changed in an ongoing process"
         • Herman and Renz, 1997 Social Construction
         • Herman and Renz, 1997: fin. management, fundraising, program delivery, PR, community collaboration, volunteers, HRM, govt relations, board
           • Jackson, 1999: Management experience, Org structure, Political impact, Board of directors, Volunteer involvement, Internal communication
           • ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES
             • Hall et al, 2003: Organizational Capacity - Environment, Access to Resources, Historical Factors ->[Capacities]->Outputs and Outcomes
               • Conceptual Model of Org Capacity (Hall, 2003)
               • Misener and Doherty 2009: HR, Finance, Relationships&Networks, Infrastructure&Process, Planning&Development capacity. HR&Finance affect the rest.
         • Packard, 2009: Performance assessed from different perspectives - especially in human services organizations performance perceived by stakeholders.
           • Packard, 2009: 1) Staff&Client characteristics, 2) Management capacity, 3) Program capacity.
             • Packard, 2009 Logic Model
         • BOARDS
           • Herman and Renz, 1997: "Boards can substantially affect the performance of the organization"
             • Brown, 2004: Models of governance -> Board performance -> Org performance
               • Brown (board), 2004
               • Hodge and Piccolo, 2005: Funding structure, board performance -> Financial performance
                 • Hodge, Piccolo 2005
                 • Bradshaw, 2009: Simple-Complex; Stable-Turbulent (Governance Configurations and Dimensions of the External Environment)
                   • Bradshaw, 2009
                   • Fredette and Bradshaw, 2012: Information Sharing, Shared Vision, Trust <-Social Capital-> Governance Effectiveness
                     • Fredette and Bradshaw (social capital), 2012
       • Mensah, Lam, and Werner, 2008: Relative effectiveness (all potentially usable resources to achievable outputs/outcomes) - efficacy and efficiency
         • Mensah, Lam and Werner (relative effectiveness) 2008