Error analysis

Error analysis

1. Overt vs. Covert errors

   • Hidden erroneous utterances most likely ungrammatical at the sentence leve.
   • Grammatically well formed utterances at sentence level but not interpretable within sentence/discourse levels.

2. Types of feedback

   • recast
     • clarification request
       • metalingüstic feedback
         • elicitation
           • explicit correction
             • repetition
               • S: They has been waiting for an hour. T:They HAVE been waiting for an hour.
             • S: Where we are going with? T:Not where, you mean who.
           • S: I going to the bathroom. T: You are missing something thre... I am...
         • S: I ate an apple. T: How would you say that if that happens tomorrow?
       • S: I will the car go. T: Pardon me?
     • S: I eat a hot dog. T: What are you doing right this moment?

3. Fossilization and stabilization

   • Frequent and persistent errors, relatively permanent incorporation of incorrect linguistics, could result due to the presence or absence of internal monitoring factors during previous stages.
   • In this stage learners present less errors, little to no problem with fluency and intended meanngs, self correction and fast stabilization, continuous development.

4. Mistakes vs. errors

   • The result of one's systematic competence (the learner's system is incorrect)
   • Performance errors (The learner knows the system but fails to use it)

5. Interlingual vs. Intralingual transfer

   • In this stage the native language is the only previous linguistic system from where the learner can draw information.
   • Once some knowledge is acquired, the learner tends to make generalizations within the target language.

6. Categories of Errors

   • addition
     • omission
       • substitution
         • ordering
           • The car red is very fast.
         • I will be there for 9 am.
       • He going to the party.
     • "I am will go to the market"

7. Global vs. local errors

   • They prevent the receptors from comprehending some aspect of the message.
   • Allows an accurate guess about the intended meaning despite minor violations of one segment of a sentence.