Research Instruments

Research Instruments

1. Content analysis

   • Is a technique for interpreting texts, whether written or recorded
   • Its potential is wide and allows its use both qualitative and quantitative
   • Based on the analysis and interpretation of documentary sources
   • It is based on reading as an instrument for collecting information.
   • Quantitative research as a method of social research
   • The qualitative model is based on defining a problem and generating hypotheses

2. Focus groups

   • It is a space of opinion to capture the feeling, thinking and living of the individuals
   • For the purpose of obtaining information.
   • It is a dynamic process in which participants exchange ideas.
   • Advantage: Provide immediate responses and face-to-face interactions.
   • They investigate how different situations affect people

3. Observations

   • It is the action of observing, of looking carefully, in the researcher's sense it is the experience
   • The process of submitting manipulated conditions according to certain principles to carry out the investigation
   • Observation allows us to know reality through direct perception of objects and phenomena.
   • Participant observation and simple observation
   • The researcher relies on it to obtain the greatest number of data

4. Questionnaires

   • It is a procedure considered classic in the social sciences for obtaining and recording data
   • Structured, semi-structured and unstructured questionnaires
   • A distinction is made between open questions and closed questions
   • Open questions are read to reduce them to categories
   • It is used to collect all the necessary information.
   • Risk of a high percentage of unanswered questionnaires

5. Interviews

   • It is the technique with which the researcher tries to obtain information in an oral and personalized way
   • . Structured interviews and semi-structured interviews
   • It is a technique aimed at establishing direct contact with people who are considered a source of information
   • The analysis of the interviews is of deliberate action to understand in depth a particular situation.
   • It is very useful in qualitative research