Atomic Structure P4

Atomic Structure P4

1. Structure of the atom

   • Nucleus
     • Proton
       • Charge = +1
       • Mass = 1
     • Neutron
       • Mass = 1
       • Charge = 0
   • • Electron
       • Mass = -1
       • Charge = Close to 0

2. Radioactivity

   • Isotope
     • Each or two forms of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different number of neutrons
   • Alpha
     • Mass- Helium nucleus
     • Charge- 2+
   • Beta
     • Mass- TINY
     • Charge- 1-
   • Gamma
     • Mass- 0
     • Charge- 0

3. Nuclear Fusion and Fission

   • Nuclear Fusion
     • Joining 2 small nuclei into 1 big nucleus
   • Nuclear Fission
     • Splits one large nucleus into 2 small nuclei

4. Half life

   • The time it takes for an atom to half

5. Isotopes

   • Atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons.

6. Penetration

   • Alpha
     • Lowest penetration
     • Most ionising
     • Least range in air
   • Beta
     • Middle penetration
     • Middle Range in air
   • Gamma
     • Most penetrating
     • Most range in air
     • Least ionising

7. Difference between irraidiation and contamination

   • Contamination
     • The act or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisining.
   • Irradiation
     • The use of high energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons and other sources to kill cancer cells