WAKE UP DAD

WAKE UP DAD

1. Anatomy of the Upper Airway

   • NASAL CAVITY
     • Nostrils
       • anterior nasal apertures
     • The bridge of the nose
       • Anteriorly is movable
       • Posteriorly is immovable
     • Palate
       • Divides the nasal and oral cavity
       • soft posterior part
       • hard anterior part
     • borders
       • Roof
         • cribriform plate
       • Floor
         • hard palate
       • Medial
         • nasal septum
       • Lateral
         • 3 nasal conchae
   • Pharynx
     • Nasopharynx
       • auditory tube
       • nasopharyngeal tonsil
     • Oropharynx
       • palatine tonsil
     • Laryngopharynx
       • piriform fossa
   • Larynx
     • cartilage
       • unpaired
         • thyroid
         • cricoid
         • epiglottis
       • paired
         • Arytenoid
         • Cuneiform
         • Corniculate
     • Internal vocal cords
       • true vocal cords
       • false vocal cords

2. Snoring

   • A harsh sound that occurs when air flows past relaxed tissues in you throat
   • causes
     • nasal problems
       • deviated septum
       • nasal polyps
       • sinus infection
     • PREGNANCY
     • ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

3. Neurological Control of Breathing

   • control centers
     • Brain stem
       • medulla
         • respiratory conters
       • upper pons
         • pneumotaxic
       • lower pons
         • apneustic
     • receptors
       • central chemoreceptors
         • mainly to pH of CSF
         • pCO2
       • peripheral chemoreceptors
         • mainly to pO2
         • pCO2
         • pH
       • Lung stretch receptors
       • Irritant receptors
       • Joint and muscle receptors
       • juxtacapillaryjuxtacapillary
     • cerebral cortex
       • Voluntary breathing

4. Causes of OSA

   • obesity
   • old age
   • family history
   • smoking
   • nasal congestion

5. OSA Signs and symptoms

   • Cognitive Impairment
   • Morning headache
   • Awakening with a dry mouth
   • Abrupt awakenings
   • Snoring

6. Management of OSA

   • Lifestyle changes
     • Lose weight
     • Exercise
     • Quit smoking
     • Drink alcohol moderately
   • CPAP
   • Surgical removal of tissue
   • Upper airway stimulation
   • tracheostomy

7. Complications of OSA

   • CVS problems
     • hypertension
     • Hypoxia-induced cardiac arrhythmia
     • Cardiac infarction
     • stroke
     • sudden cardiac death
   • Daytime fatigue & sleepiness
   • Eye problems
   • Increased risk of vascular dementia