Gender Development

Gender Development

1. Differential Treatment

   • Parents
   • Peers
   • Media

2. Gender Differences

   • verbal ability
   • mathematical ability
   • aggression
   • Preferences
     • Toy choices
     • occupational choice
     • academic pursuits

3. Similarity Hypothesis

4. Gender Stereotypes

   • beliefs about the activities and preferences, emotions and affect and thought patterns that are differentially associated with each gender
   • 5-6 yo - concrete gender differences
   • expectations
   • self-evaluation of gender standards

5. Social-role hypothesis

6. Gender Identity

   • self-representation
   • gender identity develops over the life span

7. Theories of Gender-Role Development

   • Biological
     • Chromosomes - hormones - similiarity
       • Hormones on psychological development is less strong and more difficult to obtain
         • majority of research relies on children who have impaired hormonal development
   • Psychoanalytical
     • identification with same-sex parent
     • Electra complex
     • Oedipus complex
   • Cognitive Developmental
     • Kohlberg
       • Gender constancy
         • 1. Gender identity
         • 2. Gender stability
         • 3. Gender consistency
   • Gender Schema
   • Social Cognitive