Phonation

Phonation

1. Larynx

   • Voice production, airway protection, and breathing.
   • Thyroid Cartilage
     • Largest Cartilage , shaped like a shield.
   • Crioid Cartilage
     • Ring shaped , located below Thyriod Cartilage
   • Arytenoid Cartilage
     • Pyramid shaped, located posterior side of the larynx
   • Epoglottis
     • Leaf shaped, sits above the glottis
   • Corniculate Cartilages PAIR
     • Small, horn'shaped on top of the Arytenoid cartilage
   • Cuneiform Cartilages PAIR
     • Small rod shaped cartilage embedded in the Aryepiglottic folds

2. Vocal Folds

   • Vibration to produce sounds.
   • Layers
     • Epithelium
     • Lamina Propria
       • Superficial
       • Intermediate
       • Deep
     • Vocal Muscles

3. Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

   • Control tention and position of vocal folds.
   • Thyroarytenoid
     • Shortens and relaxes vocal folds
   • Cricothyroid
     • Stretches and tenses vocal folds to adjust pitch
   • Lateral Cricoarytenoid
     • Adducts closes the vocal folds
   • Posterior Cricoarytenoid
     • Abducts opens the vocal folds
   • Interarytenoid
     • Closes the glottis by bringing the Arytenoids together.

4. Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

   • Elevate or depress the laryx.
   • Suprahyoid
     • Elevate
   • Infrahyoid
     • Depress

5. Glottis

   • Space between the vocal folds.
   • True Vocal folds
     • Vibrate to produce sound
   • False Vocal Folds
     • Protect the airway, do not vibrate.

6. Supporting Structures

   • Subglottic Region
     • Below vocal folds
   • Supraglottic Region
     • Above vocal folds, including vestibule and epiglottis

7. Neurological Control

   • Vagus nerve CN X
   • Superior laryngeal nerve
   • Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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