Atomic models

Atomic models

1. Introduction

   • The atom is the smallest particle of matter, consisting of a nucleus with protons and neutrons and electrons revolving around it in an electron cloud.
   • Throughout history, scientists have tried to understand what matter is made of. To do this, they created atomic models, which show how atoms are made. In this activity, we will see how these models have changed over time.

2. Dalton's model (1803)

   • The atom is a solid, indivisible sphere, and all atoms of the same element are identical to each other.
     • Dalton's model (2)

3. Democritus's model (4th century BC)

   • Matter is made up of small indivisible particles called atoms.
     • Democritus's model (1)

4. Thomson's model (1897)

   • The atom is like a “raisin pudding”, a positive sphere with electrons scattered in it, according to Thomson's model, who discovered the electron.
     • Thomson's model (3)

5. Rutherford's model (1911)

   • The atom has a small, dense, positive nucleus, and electrons revolve around it, like planets around the Sun.
     • Rutherford's model (4)

6. Bohr's model (1913)

   • The atom has electrons that move in orbits or layers with defined energy.
     • Bohr's model (5)

7. Schrödinger's model- Quantum Model (current)

   • The atom has electrons distributed in regions called orbitals, not in fixed orbits, representing the most accurate form of the atom currently.
     • Quantum model (6)

8. Conclusion

   • Over time, atomic models evolved as scientists made new discoveries. Each model helped to better understand the structure of the atom, from Democritus' idea to the current quantum model, which is the most accurate.

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