Biodiversity Akanksha Ahuja

Anotações:

• By: Akanksha Ahuja

1. Eubacteria

   Anotações:

   • Characteristics include: simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella.
   1. Eubacteria
      1. Cuccos (cocci)

         Anotações:

         • Rounded, spiral like cells
         1. Staphylococcus
      2. Spirillium

         Anotações:

         • spiral or screw shaped cells
         1. Chlamydia trachomatis
      3. Bacillus

         Anotações:

         • Rod shaped cells. 
         1. Morganella morganii
2. Archaea

   Anotações:

   • Characteristics are: Unicellular, and asexual
   1. Archaeabacteria
      1. Methanogens

         Anotações:

         • "They produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions." (Wiki) Found in lakes, low oxygen areas, swamp sediments. 
      2. Extreme Thermopiles

         Anotações:

         • Live in really hot environments. 
      3. Psychrophiles

         Anotações:

         • Capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperatures.
3. Eukaryotic

   Anotações:

   • characteristics include: cells contain a nucleus, and involves mitosis.
   1. Protista

      Anotações:

      • Live in moist or aquatic environments. Have an extreamly diverse structure. Can reproduce sexually and asexually. 
      1. Animal like

         Anotações:

         • They use a flagella, cilia, or amoeboid to travel.  They also ingest organic carbon.
         1. Amoebas
         2. Sarcodines

            Anotações:

            • Movement by pseudopods. Also known as "False feet."
         3. Ciliates

            Anotações:

            • Move by tiny hairs as they propel  through the water. 
         4. Zooflagellates

            Anotações:

            • Move by beating the flagella. 
         5. Sporozoan

            Anotações:

            • Non motile. Use other organims to travel. 
      2. Fungal like

         Anotações:

         • Secrete digestive enzymes then absorb the nutrients.  They are hetrothrophs. 
         1. Algae
         2. AcellularSlime Molds
         3. Cellular Slime Molds
         4. Water Molds
      3. Plant like

         Anotações:

         • They are photosynthetic.  They get inorganic carbon through photosynthesis. 
         1. Euglenoids
         2. Rhodophyta

            Anotações:

            • Non motile. 
         3. Euglenoids

            Anotações:

            • euglenoid movement.
   2. Fungi

      Anotações:

      • Not photosynthetic. Do not produce their own food.  Unique way of reproduction; not the same way as plants
      1. Ascomycota

         Anotações:

         • Some cause plant diseases.  Some are dangerous to humans. 
         1. yeast
      2. Basidiomycota

         Anotações:

         • Most are decomposers. Some of these make important relationships with plants.  Asexual reproduction: by either budding or asexual spore formation Sexual reproduction: takes place in the fruiting body, in specialized structures called basidia
         1. Puffball
      3. Chytridiomycota

         Anotações:

         • This is the only fungi with swimming spores. Can be single celled or multicellular.  These sperm-like cells require water to reproduce since they are not motile. 
         1. Chordate
      4. Zygomycota

         Anotações:

         • Most are soil fungi. Include the bread and fruit molds. Many are parasites of insectes.  Asexual:  Spores may be formed by the separation and thickening of hyphal cells. They may also be produced in specialized organs, whose structure is also widely varied. Sexual: Spores are produced within the sporangium
         1. Mucor
      5. Deutrosmycota

         Anotações:

         • Fungi that cause disease. 
         1. Athletes foot
   3. Plants

      Anotações:

      • Characteristics: -multicellular -photosynthetic -Contain chlorophyll a and b - Alternation of Generations -develop from embryos – arise from multicellular structures in the maternal tissue – product of sexual fusion
      1. bryophytes

         Anotações:

         • They stand upright and prevent moisture loss to be successful. 
         1. Mosses
         2. mosses
         3. liveworts
         4. Hornets
      2. Seedless Vascular

         Anotações:

         • They have motile sperm making them successful. reproduce with spores.
         1. Ferns
         2. whisk ferns
         3. horsetails
         4. club mosses
         5. Ferns
      3. Gymnosperm

         Anotações:

         • Well adapted to hot summers and cold winters because they have naked seeds. 
         1. Pine Cones
         2. cycads
         3. ginkgo
         4. conifers
         5. gnetophytes
      4. Angiosperms

         Anotações:

         • Secondary Metabolites allow these plants to be successful. 
         1. daises
         2. Angiosperms
            1. Dicots
            2. Monocots
      5. Green algee
         1. Green Algee
   4. Animals

      Anotações:

      • Characteristics of animals are: Heterotrophic, multicellular, diploid, develop from a blastula (expect sponges).
      1. Nematoda

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary milestone: Body Cavity. Bilaterally symmetrical with a head and a tail Centralized nervous system Three tissue layers No coelom (body cavity) acoelomate, no circulatory system and no hard skeleton
         1. tube worm
      2. Enchindodermata

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary Milestone: Deuterostome. 
         1. starfish
      3. Chordates

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary Milestone: Notochord.   orsal nerve cord Notochord Paired gill slits Post-anal tail
         1. Cephalochordates
         2. Vertebrates
            1. gnathostomata

               Anotações:

               • Jawed animals
               1. Mammalia
                  1. marsupials

                     Anotações:

                     • live birth very early after fertilization. Supirior to momtremes because the young is mothered 
                     1. Kangaroo
                     2. Marsupilia

                        Anotações:

                        • embryonic development completed in marsupial pouch. 
                  2. placentals

                     Anotações:

                     • The young of placentals stay in the uterus until they are ready to be born. More supirior to marisupials because they give birth when the young is ready to be exposed to the world. 
                     1. lions
                     2. Carnivora

                        Anotações:

                        • sharp pointed canine teeth, and carnivores. 
                  3. monotremes

                     Anotações:

                     • lay eggs.
                     1. spiny anteater
                     2. Monotremeta

                        Anotações:

                        • suck milk from fur of the mother since they have no nipples.
               2. Reptilia
               3. Aves
            2. agnathans

               Anotações:

               • Jawless fish
               1. Hagfish
               2. Lampreys
         3. Urochordates
      4. Arthropods

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary Milestone: Jointed Appendages.  Hard exoskeleton made of chitin and protein Possess numerous jointed appendages anda segmented body Must molt to grow
         1. Chelicerate
            1. Merostomata
               1. horseshoe crab
            2. Pycnogonida
               1. sea spider
            3. Arachnida
               1. spider
         2. Uniramia
            1. Chilopoda
               1. centopeed
            2. Diplopoda
               1. malopeed
            3. incects
               1. cockoach
         3. Crustacea
            1. Maxillopoda
               1. Barnacle
            2. Malacostra
               1. lobster
            3. Branchiopoda
               1. Fairy shrimp
      5. Molluscs

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary Milestone: Coelom. body plan shells foot coelom mantle 
         1. snails
      6. Annelids Segmentation

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary Milestone: Segmentation.   digestive tract body segmentation coelom closed circulatory system
         1. earthworm
      7. Platyhelminthes

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary milestone: Bilateral Symmetry.
         1. tapeworms
      8. Cnidaria

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary milestone: Tissues.  two body forms Free swimming medusa (jellyfish) Stationary polyp (anemone) gastrovascular cavity radial symmetry Nematocysts 2 tissue layers
         1. jellyfish
      9. Porifera

         Anotações:

         • Evolutionary milestone: Multicellular. 
         1. sponges
4. Brown: Domain Blue: Kingdom Light pink: species Groups: Yellow Green: Phylums teal: class S.phylas: orange Purple: order