velopharyngeal-nasal function_1

velopharyngeal-nasal function_1

1. skeletal superstructure

   • cavities
     • oral
     • labial
     • nasal
     • pharyngeal
     • bony sinuses
   • bones of the skull
     • do not move
     • mandible (bottom jaw)
       • maxillae- (top jaw)
         • zygoma (cheek bone)
           • frontal bone (forehead)
             • parietal bone
               • temporal bone
                 • occipital bone
     • ethmoid bone
       • forms walls of orbital and nasal cavities. Forms medial part of anterior skull
         • consists of 4 parts: cribiform plate
           • ethmoid labyrinths
         • perpendicular plate
         • crista galli
     • sphenoid bone
       • shaped like a bat with outstretched wings and legs (frontal view
         • greater wings of sphenoid bone
           • lesser wings of sphenoid (ears)
             • medial and lateral pterygoid plates (legs)
               • halamus (little hook) expands from end of each medial pterygoid plate
     • maxillae
       • paired bones of upper draw
         • palatine process forms 3/4 of nasal cavity floor and bony roof of mouth
           • intermaxilliary suture (bony ridge done hard palate
             • incisive foramen
               • premaxilla (triangular bone)
     • triangular bone
       • palatine process of each maxilla project medially and join at midline
         • form anterior 3/4 of bony palate (roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavity
           • palatine bones also project medially and join at midline and with palatine processes
             • form posterior 1/4 of bony palate
               • premaxilla (fuses with palatine processes)
     • soft palate (velum)
       • attaches to posterior edge of palatine bones by way of palatal aponeurosis
       • velum hangs into oropharynx when relaxed
       • some muscle fibres of velum attach to superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
       • velum capable of being elevated, lowered, and tensed
       • when it elevates it presses against pharyngeal wall and airstream goes through the mouth
       • when relaxed airstream can go through nasal cavity
       • pharyngeal walls all move and as well as the velum to make tight connection in order to redirect air through cavity
   • sutures of the skull
     • sagital
       • coronal
         • lamboid
   • base of skull
     • hard palate
       • posterior nasal spine
         • basilar portion of sphenoid bone
           • foramen lacerum
             • carotid canal
               • foremen magnum
   • floor of cranium hard 3 parts:
     • anterior fossa (frontal lobe of cerebrum
     • middle fossa (temporal lobes of cerebrum
     • posterior fossa (cerebrum)
     • foramen magnum
     • cribiform plate (anterior fossa)