T1: Population change

T1: Population change

1. Demographic transition

   • S1: High stationary stage
     • CBR
       • Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
       • High & Stable
     • CDR
       • High & Fluctuating
         • sporadic disasters
           • Famine
           • Natural disaster
           • Disease & inadequate medical care
           • War
     • Growth
       • very slow w/ decline
     • IFM
       • Infant mortality
       • High
     • LE
       • life expectancy
       • low
     • Characteristic
       • Very young population
       • Children
         • work
       • Pre-industral
         • rural
           • subsistence
     • Example
       • Brazilian Tribes rainforest
   • S2: Early expanding stage
     • Example
       • Paraguay
       • Kenia
       • Nepal
     • CBR
       • high & stable
     • CDR
       • declines
         • improvement
           • sewage system
           • public health
           • medical advance
           • nutrition
           • water supply
     • Growth
       • rapid
     • IFM
       • falls
     • LE
       • increases
     • Characteristic
       • urbanization
       • Young population
   • S3: Late expanding
     • example
       • Chile
       • Israel
       • China
     • CBR
       • Lower
     • CDR
       • Low
     • Growth
       • slows down
     • IFM
       • decrease
     • LE
       • increase
     • Characteristic
       • Urbanization slows
       • young (but older) population
       • Women in workforce
       • family planning
   • S4: Low stationary
     • ex
       • UK
     • CBR
       • Low & fluctuates
         • economic condition
     • CDR
       • Low but increases
         • Old population
     • Growth
       • slow or decline
     • IFM
       • low
     • LE
       • increases
     • Characteristic
       • older population
   • S5: Natural decrease
     • Characteristic
       • very old population
     • LE
       • HIgh
     • IFM
       • Low
     • CDT
       • higher
         • Population aging
     • CBR
       • Lower than CDT
     • ex
       • Japan
       • Germany
   • Problematic
     • Euro-centric
     • doesn't count migration
     • different development of LEDCs and MEDCs

2. Population pyramid

   • Age
     • age-selective
       • Migration
   • Gender
     • sex ratio
       • men per 100 women
       • males
         • more die
           • more female
             • exception
               • China
               • India
         • more born
           • social
           • Biologic
   • Structure
     • Base: young dependants
     • middle: conomically active
     • top: Eldery dependants
   • Change: demographic transition

3. Population momentum

   • tendency for continuous population growth even after achieving replacement level of fertility. Occurs in a population with high proportion of people before childbearing years.
   • replacement lvl
   • continuous growth
   • Fertility impact
     • higher
       • bigger momentum
     • Lower
       • smaller momentum
   • population projection
     • decline in future birth rate
     • improvement
       • LE
       • IFM
       • Birth mortality
     • migration
     • innacurate
       • unexpected issues
         • baby boom