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43593
Political Economy of Development
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GEOG213 Mapa Mental sobre Political Economy of Development, criado por jonnie_missin em 11-04-2013.
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geog213
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jonnie_missin
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jonnie_missin
aproximadamente 11 anos atrás
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Political Economy of Development
Historical context - 1950s+60s
40 African countries gain independence
Shift in power to USA
Cold War
Cuban Revolution
Coups + US intervention in Latin America
Guatemala
El Salvador
Ecuador
Brazil
Dominican Republic
Development Paradigms
Modernisatiion
'The process of social change whereby LDCs acquire characteristics common to MDCs' (Lerner)
Development as an economic component
Social + economic planning
Growth, public participation + access
Perspectives
Economic
Sociological
Psychological
Political
Anthropological
Rostow - Stages of Economic Growth
1. Traditional society
2. Pre- take off stage
3. Take off stage
4. Drive to maturity
5. High mass consumption
Structuralism (Prebisch-Singer)
Development not linear
Uneven development
Structural constraints
Primary commodity specialisation
Declining terms of trade between primary + manufactured products
Internal division
Urban (modern)
Rural (traditional)
Solution to development
Development = industrialisation
Import Substitution Industrialisation
State intervention
Dependency: AG Frank
ISI being questioned
Baran + Sweezy
Monopoly capitalism
Economic theory ignores history + fails to take account of:
Relations between the metropolis + economic colonies
Structure + development of capitalist system
Simultaneous underdevelopment + economic development
'Now developed countries never underdeveloped... may have been undeveloped'
City/countryside analogies to imperial metropole/satellite relations
Unequal exchange: Amin + Emmanuel
Emphasis on production
Wage rate in export sector low due to economic, social + political conditions
Export sector benefits from cheap labour
Advanced production forces in developed ocuntries
Backward in rest of world
Rich countries
High wage/low profit
Poor countries
Low wage/high profit
Equalisation of profit through trade + economic transfer of surplus via unequal exchange
World Systems Theory
3 tiers
Core
Semi-periphery
Periphery
Strength of state key to transfer of surplus
Movement between tiers of resources, wealth + countries
Dependent development: Cardoso
Search for raw materials + labour
Means of exporting/using profits
Finance
Loans, aid + state loan guarantees
Indebtedness
New markets in developing world
Internal differentiation + participation
After dependency
Questioning of theories
Problem not core countries but capitalism?
Qs. about the role of govt
Neo-liberal counter revolution
Development studies sought solutions rather than revolutions
Paradigms
Participation (Chambers)
Basic needs (Stewart)
Post-development (Escobar)
Capabilities (Sen)
Human development
Development
Expanding the capabilities + possibilities for people to experience well-being
Income is means not an end
Inequality matters
Rejecting terms of debate in devmnt. economics
E.g. whether democracy is good for devmnt.
Formal rights not enough if can't be exercised
E.g. literacy may be needed to vote
Free markets need to be interrogated
Operationalized in UN's HDI + MPI
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