Holderness Coast By Feba

Holderness Coast By Feba

1. A Spit

   • A spit is the stretch of beach matierial, it is joined to the main land one one side whilst projecting to towards the sea on the other end
   • A Spit is formed due to long shore drift and powerful wind
     • 1)Through longshore drift the beach material, this is because the swash comes in an angle
     • 2) A spit is formed when the material has been deposited
     • 3) The spit keeps growing if the wind changes direction the spit will also turn to form a hook
     • 4) Now the spit has formed an arc shape, which means wave cannot go through the spit. This leads to salt marshes.
   • Spurn Head in the Holderness coast is an example.

2. Holderness Coast is located in north-east of England.

   • It is also to the east of Yorkshire
     • It is the fastest eroding coast in Europe as it erodes almost 2m of land because of the main rock type

3. The geology of the Holderness coast is made up of bands of different rock types

   • In the north at Flamborough head there is a band of chalk- a rock which is very resistant
   • The next layer is a layer of boulder clay, which was left when the ice sheet retreated 12,000 years ago.
     • Over time the boulder clay has been weathered so much.
       • This happens when the boulder clay becomes saturated and it can't hold any more water
   • To the south of the boulder clay, also known as till, is the Humber Estuary and here we can get the deposited material

4. The Holderness coast has eroded 4km since the Roman era. This causes a threat to the residents and tourists.

   • Residents are worried that they might loose their homes because of the speed of the erosion
     • Also they cannot or would find it hard to sell their homes, this is because no one would want to buy it.
   • Tourism is also in danger
     • The reason why tourist were attracted to the Holderness coast is because of the beautiful provided by the Holderness Country Park and Spurn head, which is also a sssi
     • There are many Caravan sites in near the Holderness coast however there is a chance of this land becoming dangerous to park caravans because of the erosion
     • Many roads the which have helped tourists reach the Holderness coast are also in danger because of the erosion

5. Constructive and destructive waves

   • Constructive waves develop the beach
     • Has a strong swash
     • Has a week backwash
   • Destructive waves erode the beach.
     • Has a week swash
     • Has a strong backwash, hence it takes more material into the sea
   • Note- The strength of a wave is dependent on:
     • The strength of the wind
     • How long the wind has been blowing for.
     • The fetch

6. Coastal Management

   • Some areas need more protection than other places mainly becuase of socio-economical reasons
     • For example a city will have more protection than farm land because a city is able to bring money to the area as well as people
       • However many people who live near the coast are farmers and this is how they earn money, but because they aren't preotected from the erosion it decreases their income
     • The Easington Gas Station would be protected too, because it provides gas to Uk & and provides jobs locally
   • The Shoreline Management Plan does this in the UK.
     • They decide which part of the coast need protection

7. Coastal Defense

   • There are many man-made structures which protect and or slow down erosion, like Sea Wall, rip rap, gabion and groyn
     • Sea walls are walls made on the beach
       • Advantages include of them being able to protect the base of the cliff. They can also prevent coastal flooding
       • Unfortunately they are relatively expensive to build. Also if the sea walls are curved they cast back the same amount of energy meaning the wave still remains powerful
       • In addition Sea walls are expensive to maintain and over time they could also be eroded.
     • Rip raps or Rock armours are boulders placed to slow down erosion
       • Unlike curved seawalls Rip raps absorb the energy from the wave
       • However they are very hard to transport
     • Gabions are almost baskets which have been made by wire mesh. It is filled with cobbles and crushed rocks. Basically less expensive Sea wall.
       • They are cheaper than sea walls and easier to put up.
       • But they are no very attractive