POPULATION

POPULATION

1. World population growth

   • Over the tears population has chaged dramatically
   • More than a 50% increase in the last 50 years
   • It is predicted in the next 50 years it will double again to almost 12.5 billion
   • We destroy woodlands, rain forests, forests...

2. Natural increase, birth and death rates

   • Natural increase in a population occurs where birth rate is greater than death rate
   • Natural decrease occurs when death rate is greater than birth rate

3. Population pyramids

   • Is a graph that allows us to see the gender and age structure of a population
   • The pyramid below shows the number of people in millions in each group in the UK in 2010
   • The annotations reveal the key features typical of population pyramids
   • TYPES
     • Rapid growth or youthful population
       • Triangular shaped lots of children, population grow rapidly
     • Slow growth
       • High life expectancy, lots of workers and reasonable numbers of children
     • Declining or Ageing population
       • Apopulation can shrink due to a low birth rate and a stable death rate. Increased emigration may also be a contributor to a declining population

4. Factors affecting populations

   • Urbanisation
     • Rural to urban migration impact upon the birth and death rates of a country
     • The birth rates rise because people have more access to medical care in cities than in rural areas
     • Death rates fall in urban areas because it is cheaper and more economic to provide medical and education services
   • Agricultural change
     • Produce more food
     • Needs lots of workers and tends to promote high birth rates
   • Education
     • As education levels ivrease people tend to have fewer children so that they can focus their resources in improving the life chances of those few children
   • Emancipation of women
     • In many rich countries women have become over time free to work when they want within their wife

5. Dependency ratios

   • A dependency ratio is a mathematical sum that allows governments to judge how many people of working age they have relative to how many people are said to be DEPENDENT
   • Countries jwith a dependency ratio close to 1 have high dependency

6. Yauthful popularions

   • The past 200 years of population growth has been rapid
   • Many argue that this exponential pace of growth
   • Positive things
     • There are lots of potential workers for the future
   • Negarive things
     • There is high dependency in contries that have youthful populations
   • Solutions
     • 1.Improve the quantity and cuality of schooling
       • Expand school enrolments
     • 2.Enact and eforce laws to prevent early marriage
       • Girls who marry young typically have children
     • 3.Bring the job market into the 21st century
       • Ease barriers to starting work and encourage flexibility in hiring and job mobility
     • 4.Expand and reinvigorate family planning programs
       • In the most disadvantaged areas to delay births reduce unintended pregnancies
     • 5.Encourage
       • Young people´s participation in public life

7. Migration

   • Is the movement of population from one area to another
   • Some are forced, voluntari, permanent and temporary
   • Some migrants move for temporary periods whilst others move permanently
   • The place here a migrant endas up is known as the destination or host country

8. Migration and the european union

   • There is a huge amount of internal migration
   • Europe is also a very popular destination with people who live outside of the EU
   • Most migrants are economic migrants

9. Migration from outside of the EU

   • The EU also recives over 2 million pople a year from outside of its borders
   • Most of this is labour or economic migration
   • Europe would like to see the numbers of immigrants coming into the EU fall