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506970
Music Concepts
Descrição
SQA Advanced Higher Music Mapa Mental sobre Music Concepts, criado por Rosie:) em 26-01-2014.
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music
music
sqa advanced higher
Mapa Mental por
Rosie:)
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Rosie:)
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Music Concepts
Renaissance (1450 - 1600)
Vocal
Sacred
Plainchants: no accomp, Catholic, no regular time metre, organum
(organum: two parts moving together, the same distance apart)
Mass: polyphonic, Catholic, Latin, Kyrie etc
Motet: polyphonic, Latin, no Kyrie etc
Anthem: like a Motet but in English, a capella or with an organ accomp
Secular
Madrigal: several voices, through composed, polyphonic, word-painting
Ballett: strophic, 'fa la la', more homophonic than madrigal
Ayre/Air: simple melody, solo with accomp or voices (harmony) with no accomp
Instrumental
Pavan: dance, steady, 2 beats in a bar
Galliard: dance, lively, 3 beats in a bar
General Sound
modal but a few accidentals, rich, harmony and imitation, textures blending
Baroque (1600 - 1750)
Vocal
Sacred
Oratorio: large, vocals & instruments, like an opera
Cantata: small oratorio, closes with chorale
Chorale: hymn tune, German, SATB, homophonic
Passion: German, about crucifixion
Secular
Opera: recitatives, arias, choruses
Recitative: sung/speech, story telling, accomp
Aria: song
Da Capo Aria: ABA ternary, 2nd A singer decorates
(recitatives etc also in sacred - oratorio)
Instrumental
Concerto Grosso: large, concertino, ripieno, antiphonal
Concerto: solo with orchestral accomp, ritornello
Chaconne/Passacaglia: dances, variation ground bass
Fugue, 3 or 4 parts, imitation, contrapuntal
1) Subject: main theme, tonic key
2) Answer: imitation of main theme, dominant key
Real Answer: note for note transposition of the subject
Tonal Answer: intervals altered to avoid dissonance
3) Episodes: subject not played
Stretto: voices/instruments enter v. quickly one after the other
Oveture: short intro
Italian Overture: 3 movements. fast slow fast, often trumpet
French Overture: 2 movements, slow to fast, 2 beats to 3, sometimes slows again
Suite
Allemande: 4/4, moderate
Courante: 3/2 or 6/4, quite fast
Saraband: 2nd beat emphasised, triple time
Gigue: 3/4or 6/8 or 9/8, moderate/fast
Minuet: triple metre, moderate
Bourree: 2/4, lively
Prelude: instrumental, intro
Chorale Prelude: short, organ, intro for congregation singing
General Sound
polyphonic, major & minor, ornaments
Classical (1750 - 1820)
Sonata: solo piano or solo inst. and piano
Sonata Form
Exposition: 2 contrasting themes
Development: ideas developed
Recapitulation: repeats exposition with slight changes
Coda: end, fancy
Scherzo: joke, lively, quick
Requiem Mass: mass for the dead
General Sound
more homophonic than Baroque, dynamics, bigger orchestra
Romantic (1810 - 1910)
Instrumental
Programme Music: tells a story
Symphonic/Tone Poem: orchestral, based on a story
Nationalist: patriotic, traditional/folk elements
Late Romantic: Huge scale choirs/orchestras
Vocal
Lied: solo voice & piano, both equally important, German
Song Cycle: a group of songs linked by common theme or same composer, piano or ensemble or orchestral accomp
Spechgesang: weird, speech song
(also instrumental) Leitmotiv: musical idea/theme that represents a character
General Sound
intensely emotional with dramatic contrasts
20th Century
Impressionism: whole tone scales, dreamy
Jazz Influence: syncopation, blues notes, muted brass
Jazz Funk: jazz improv, solos & riffs, funk, R & B, soul
Atonality: no key, tuneless
Serialism: 12 numbered notes of chromatic scale (tone row), transposed inverted or played in retrograde but always in the same order
Neo-Classicism: classical style with more dissonance etc
Musique Concrete: natural sounds transformed
Aleatory Music: disorganised, sections played in what order the performers choose (individually)
Minimalism: simple 'tune' constantly repeated with slight variation
Melodic
Harmonic Minor: regular minor scale
Melodic Minor: played differently on the way down
Microtone: smaller than a semi-tone
Tritone: interval of augmented 4th eg C to F
Ornaments
Mordent: 3 notes, main above main or main below main
Turn: 4 notes, above main below main or vice versa
Appoggiatura: sounds podgy, takes up 1/2 note value
Acciaccatura: sounds crushed, v. quick
Harmonic
Plagal Cadence: sounds finished, 'amen'
Interrupted Cadence: not finished
Added 6th: 6th note added to normal chord, jazz music
Dominant 7th: needs to be resolved
Diminished Chord: beginning of 'I Will Survive'
Major 7th: jazzy, dreamy
Augmented Chord: not used to sound, slightly dissonant, needs to go somewhere
Rythmic
Irregular Metres: frequent change in time signature, accents in different places
Three Against Two: triplets vs quavers
Hemiola: classical, impression of change from duple to triple time or vice versa
Augmentation: lengthening note value, music sounds slower
Diminution: shortening note value, music seems quicker
Structural
Basso Continuo: Baroque bass line, cello bassoon bass etc
Ritornello: little return
Antiphonal: sort of call and response
Inversion: music is mirroredeg treble clef C E D to bass clef C B A
Retrograde: goes backwards
Retrograde Inversion: backwards and upside down
Timbre
Concertino: small group of instruments, Baroque
Consort: small group of instruments from the same family (eg viols), renaissance
Coloratura: scales, runs and ornaments by a singer
Harmonics: v. high note on string instruments
Cadenza: soloists 'showing off' in a concerto with no accomp
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