Mapa mental
Pathophysiology
Mind map: Pathophysiology
Conteúdo do mapa
Pathophysiology
Asthma
- Smooth Muscle Inflamation
- Bronchoconstriction
- FEV reduced
- 3 causes
- Air
- Allergens
- Thymic Stromal Lymphocytes
- Dendritic Cell Activation
- Th2 activation
- Chemotractants
- Mast Cells
- IL -13, 4
- IgE
- PG
- LK
- IL -13, 4
- Plasma cells
- IL 9
- IgE
- IL 9
- Th2 activation
- Dendritic Cell Activation
- Thymic Stromal Lymphocytes
- Allergens
- GERD
- Post Nasal Drip
- Air
- Bronchoconstriction
- Reversible Airway Inflammation
- Smooth Muscle Inflamation
COPD
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Smoking and Pollutants
- Increased Goblet cells
- Increased Mucus
- pneumcoccus
- Flu
- Increased Mucus
- Increased Goblet cells
- Narrowing of Bronchiole
- Polycylethmia
- Rise in Pulmonary Arteriolar Pressure
- Cor Pulmonae
- Rise in Pulmonary Arteriolar Pressure
- Broncholitis
- Polycylethmia
- Symptoms
- Wet Cough
- Mucus
- Chest TIghtness
- Cyonosis
- Wet Cough
- Smoking and Pollutants
- Emphysemia
- Barrel Chest
- Low O2, High CO2
- alpha-1 trypsin deficiency
- Inflammation
- Protease Release
- Elastin Breakdown
- Reduced Ventilation
- Endothelium Breakdown
- Reduced Perfusion
- Low Q/V
- Elastin Breakdown
- Protease Release
- Symptoms
- Barrel Chest
- Weeze
- Chest tightness
- Chronic Bronchitis
HIV
- Life Cycle
- Initiated by Dendritic Cells
- Transport to Lymphoid Tissue
- Bind to CD4+ Coreceptor
- Envelope Fuse allowing viral genome to enter and Transcriptase creates Double Stranded cDNA from RNA
- Intergrase allows T-cell activation to induce low level transcription
- Viral RNA transcripted into multiple splices allows translation of TAT and REV
- TAT= amplification of transcription of Viral RNA REV= transport of single splided or unsplicded viral RNA
- Late Proteins= GAG POL ENV, is translated and assembled to produce new HIV
- TAT= amplification of transcription of Viral RNA REV= transport of single splided or unsplicded viral RNA
- IF16 signalling
- Increase Capsase
- Apoptosis
- Increase IL-1B
- pyropotosis
- Increase Capsase
- Viral RNA transcripted into multiple splices allows translation of TAT and REV
- Intergrase allows T-cell activation to induce low level transcription
- Envelope Fuse allowing viral genome to enter and Transcriptase creates Double Stranded cDNA from RNA
- Bind to CD4+ Coreceptor
- cellular tropism
- GP120 binds to CCR5 + CXCR4
- Transport to Lymphoid Tissue
- Initiated by Dendritic Cells
- Distribution
- Breast milk
- Semen and Cervical Fluid
- Saliva
- Peripheral Blood
- CSF
- A genus of the Lentivirus
- Long Incubation
- Phases
- Sercoversion
- Aymptomatic = CD4 500 cells
- Symptomatic = CD4 200 cells
- AIDS
- <200 CD4 cells
- GI
- Kaposis's Sarcoma
- Malignant Lymphoma
- Samonella
- Respiratory
- Kaposis's Sarcoma
- PCP
- CNS
- Malignant Lymphoma
- Meningitis
- Multifocal Leucytoencephalopathy
- Skin
- Herpes Zorster
- KS
- Eye
- Cytomegalovirus Retinus
- Progression
- Adults
- Slow Progression
- KS common
- Asymptomatic
- Children
- Progressive Neurological Disease
- Symptomatic
- Rapid Progression
- KS rare
- Adults
- Lack of cytoxic cells
- AIDS
- CD8 + Antibody Increase
- P24 + ENV
- Symptomatic = CD4 200 cells
- Flu Like Symptoms
- Immune response
- Aymptomatic = CD4 500 cells
- Sercoversion
- Life Cycle
Arthritis
- Rheumatoidarthritis
- Autoimmune
- HLA-DR4
- Hand
- PIP
- MIP
- Tissue Degredation
- Synovial Membrane
- Macrohphages
- Cytokines
- TNF-a
- IL6
- IL1
- Proliferate FLS
- Express Rank-L
- Osteoclasts
- Bone Erosion
- Osteoclasts
- Express Rank-L
- Cytokines
- T-cells
- IL17
- Inflammation
- Increase Macrophages
- IL17
- Proteases
- Cartilage Erosion
- Feedback Loop
- Cartilage Erosion
- Macrohphages
- Synovial Fluid
- Neutrophils
- ROS
- Antibodies
- IgM
- Neutrophils
- Synovial Membrane
- Autoimmune
- Osteoarthritis
- Joint Mice
- Cartilage pieces
- Inflammation
- Macrophages
- Bone Erasion
- Osteophytes
- Calcium deposition and Irritation
- Cause
- Overuse
- Hand
- DIP
- PIP
- Joint Mice
- Chronic Inflammatory Condition
- Irreversible Damage to joints
- Tissue Degredation
- Immune Cells Activated
- Granulocytes
- Fibroblasts
- Scarring
- Blood vessess
- Deformities
- Ankylosis
- Fibroblasts
- Granulocytes
- Immune Cells Activated
- Rheumatoidarthritis
Angina
- Stable
- Plaque in Smooth Muscle reducing blood flow
- Increased Fatty Deposits
- Increased Connective Tissue
- Ischeamia
- Plaque in Smooth Muscle reducing blood flow
- Unstable
- Plaque instability
- Injury -> Thrombosis
- Myocardial Infarction
- Plaque instability
- Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Nicotine -> Sympathetic Innervation
- CO
- Decrease O2
- Age
- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolimia
- Gender
- Oestrogen Protective Factor
- Higher HDL in women
- Smoking
- Stable
Blood Coagulation
- 1) Fibrin not present in blood
- 2) Calcium important mediator
- 3) Tissue extract - Thrombokinase
- 4) Fibrinogen Formed- Insoluble Complex mesh
- Intinsic
- 12-8
- Triggered by subendothelial collagen
- Extrinsic
- 7
- Tissue Thromboplastin
Tuberclosis
- Symptoms
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- malaise
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Cough
- Primary Infection
- TB enters Lungs
- Macrophages attack
- Granuloma form
- Macrophages attack
- 3 Outcomes
- Dead
- 80%
- Dorminant
- Latency Period
- 30%
- Areas
- Joints
- CNS
- Lymph Nodes
- Miliary/Dissminiated
- Multiply
- Dead
- TB enters Lungs
- Secondary Infection
- AIDS
- Immunosuppresants
- Age
- High TB risk
- People
- Country
- Myobactiurm complex
- Bovi
- Africanum
- Symptoms
Diabetes Meletes
- Type 1
- Insulin Deficiency
- 30-35% Hereditary
- Young and Lean
- May develop Ketoacidosis
- Acute onset
- Type 2
- Insulin Insensitivity
- 90% Hereditary
- Older and Overweight
- Gradual onset
- Non Ketoic Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia
- Symptoms
- Maliaise
- Hyperglycemia
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Fasting > 7
- Random>11
- Microvascular
- Retinopathy
- 30% Develop
- 4 Stages
- Background
- Few Microaneurysms and Haemoharrages
- Maculopathy
- Ischemia and Oedema in Macula
- Proliferative
- Numerous Microaneurysms and Haemoharrages
- Retinal Hypoxia
- Prepoliferative
- Few Microaneurysms and Haemoharrages
- Background
- Treatment
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Glyceamic Control
- Nephropathy
- T1= 30% T2=25-50%
- Microalbuminurea
- ACR
- Men > 2.5mg/mmol
- Female>3.5 mg/mmol
- Albumin
- >20mg/L
- ACR
- Proteinurea
- ACR
- 30mg/ml
- Albumin
- 200mg/L
- ACR
- Ureamia
- Persistent Albuminurea with gradual decrease in GFR < 30 ml/min/1.73
- Treatment
- Good glycemica control
- Hypertenstion Control
- Microalbuminurea tests
- Dislipidemia
- Neuropathy
- Pain
- Loss sensation
- Gustatory Sweating
- Postural Hypotension
- Retinopathy
- Majorvascular
- Hypertension
- Hyperglycemia
- Peripheral Vasular disease
- Diabetic Foot
- Loss of blood to peripheral vasculature
- Infection
- Loss of sensation
- Loss of blood to peripheral vasculature
- Diabetic Foot
- Artherosclerosis
- Mycardial Infarction
- Type 1
Hypertension
- BP= CO x PR
- Idiopathic
- Secondary
- Cushings
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Aortic Coarcutation
- Phaecytochoromea
- stenosis of renal arteries
- Stages
- 1
- >140/90
- HBPM 135/85
- 2
- 160/100
- HBPM 150/95
- Severe
- >180/110
- 1
- Envlormental
- Alcohol
- Unknown Mechanism
- Stress
- Sedentary
- Sodium
- Fluid Retention
- Obesity
- Alcohol
- Mechanisms
- Elevated LV volume
- High ESPVR
- Increased Venous Tone
- Increased Arteriolar Pressure
- Increased Intravascular Pressure
- Elevated LV volume
- Complications
- Brain - Stroke
- Renal Failure
- Eye - Loss Vision
- Atheroscelrosis- MI, CHD, Stroke
- Diliation Heart - Systolic CHF
- Remodeling Heart - Diastolic Dysfunction
Heart Failure
- 3 mechanical
- Preload - Ventricular Streching
- Frank-Starling Law
- Contractability
- Afterload
- Preload - Ventricular Streching
- 3 Types
- Heart Failure
- Cardiac output does not meet metabolic need
- Chronic
- Progressive + gradual decline of CO + Acute decompistions
- Acute
- Rapid onset + pulmonary/systemic congestion
- Heart Failure
- Left Side HF
- Systolic
- Left Ventricle walls cannot stretch
- Diastolic
- Left ventricle cannot relax
- Pulmonary Oedema
- Left ventricle cannot relax
- Systolic
- Right Side HF
- Backflow - Dilation
- Systemic Oedema
- Increased Venous backflow
- Cardiac Remodeling
- Concentric
- wall thickness
- added sarcomeres
- Causes
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Chronic Hypertension
- Ventricle stifness
- diastolic dysfunction
- wall thickness
- Escentric
- Increased wall thickness
- Dilation of chamber
- Increased radius
- 3 consequences
- Increase O2 demand
- Wall pressure increase
- decreased contractility
- Increased wall thickness
- Hypertrophy + Dilation
- Concentric
- Ejection Fraction
- % blood per contraction
- HF <50%
- Cause
- Disease
- Ischemia
- Circulatory
- Volume overload
- Leaky valve
- Arterio-venous shunt
- Pressure
- Stenosed valve
- Hypertension
- Pulmonary
- Arteriole
- Volume overload
- Disease
- Symptoms
- SOB
- Fatigue
- Oedema
- Diagnosis
- ECG
- Blood Test
- 3 mechanical
Opthamology
- Anatomy
- Eye Lid
- Protection
- Secretions
- Tear Film
- Mucoid
- Conjuctiva
- Even tear film hydrophobic spread
- Aqueous
- Lacrymil Gland
- Nutrients
- O2 to cornea
- Lipid
- Meibooan Gland
- Reduces Evaporation
- Lid Margins
- Mucoid
- Conjuctiva
- Palpebral
- Bulbar
- Thin Mucosal Membrane
- Numerous Goblet cells
- Sclera
- Protection + Ridigty
- Avascular
- Collagen
- Episclera
- Drainage
- Sup/inf Punctum Lacrimiallis and Caniculi
- Anterior Chamber
- Aqueous Humour
- Nourishs lens and cornea
- Intranocular pressure
- Produced by cillarly body
- 80% drain at Cannal of schlemm
- 30% Drain uveoscleral way
- Lens
- Focus + accomadation
- Avascular
- Iris
- Miosis
- Mydiriasis
- Aqueous Humour
- Cornea
- Avascular
- Multilayered
- ECM+ Stromal Collagen
- Endothelial
- Retina
- Photorecpetors
- Rods
- Night vision
- Cones
- daylight
- Rods
- Photorecpetors
- Uvea tract
- Posterior Choriod
- Iris + Ciliary body
- Eye Lid
- Keratitis
- Inflammation of cornea
- Symptoms
- Watery Discharge
- Redness
- Photophobia
- Anterior Uveitis
- Inflammation of uveal tract
- Symptoms
- Redness around iris
- Unilateral
- Photophobia
- pupil constricted and unregular shape
- Conjunctivitis
- Allergic
- Redness
- Puritis - itchy
- nasal symptoms
- Chlamydia -trachoma
- Viral Conjunctivitis
- Adenovirus/ Herpes simplex
- Symptoms
- Redness
- Bilateral
- Discharge
- Pre-auricular swelling
- Upper respiratory tract infecton
- Bacterial
- Staphylcocus
- Symptoms
- Redness
- Purlent discharge
- Unilateral to bilateral
- Discomfort
- Allergic
- Subconjectivial Haemorhage
- Blood vessel rupture
- Coughing
- Heavy lifitng
- Red eye
- No pain
- Blood vessel rupture
- Acute closed-angle glaucoma
- Obstruction to outflow of aqueous humour
- Symptoms
- Increased intranolcular pressure
- Unilateral
- vomitting
- hazy cornea
- Chronic closed angle glaucoma
- 3 factors
- Raised Intraocular Pressure
- Vision field loss
- Optic disc cupping
- Symptoms
- Initially peripheral
- No visual acuity
- Painless
- 3 factors
- Anatomy
Malaria
- Mosquito
- Genus of Anophaly
- Carries Plasmodium Parasite
- Sphorozoite
- Hepatocytes
- Merozoite
- Collectively - Shizont
- Cell bursts
- Merozoite Sexually replicates in RBC
- Gamezoite
- Anophele will take it up
- Zygote -> Oocyte
- Anophele will take it up
- Gamezoite
- Merozoite Sexually replicates in RBC
- Cell bursts
- Ethryoctye
- Ring Structure- Trohpozoite
- ShinZont in RBC
- Merozoite
- Cycle Repeats
- Clinical Feature
- Chills
- Sweats
- Fever
- Severe Anemia
- Clinical Feature
- Cycle Repeats
- Merozoite
- ShinZont in RBC
- Ring Structure- Trohpozoite
- Collectively - Shizont
- Plasmoid Vivax
- Hypnozoites
- Merozoite
- Hepatocytes
- 4 plamoids
- Falcipurum
- Resistant to Chloroquin
- 1 mill deaths due to cerebral malaira
- Sequstration = hypoxia
- Tumour necrosis factor
- Sequstration = hypoxia
- Hypoglyecimia Coma Renal faliure
- Liver + spleen englargement
- Ovalis
- Kidney disease
- Malaria
- West Africa
- Vivax
- Not resistant to chloroquin
- low mortality
- Falcipurum
- Mosquito
Informações
- Descrição
- Universität Medicine Mapa Mental sobre Pathophysiology, criado por abdul jamal em 25-04-2016.
- Criado por
- abdul jamal
- Visualizações
- 5
- Avaliação