Chemistry mind map

Chemistry mind map

1. Periodic Table

   • Period(row→): share same number of energy level(valence shell)
   • Group(column↓): share same number of electron on their last shell.(valence shell)
   • Families: elements with similar properties
   • Energy level: Ⅰ2 Ⅱ8 Ⅱ18 Ⅳ32
   • electrons / proton = atomic number
   • neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
   • Last energy shell called valence shall
   • Cation: positively cgarge ions Anion：negatively charge ions
   • Write charge number for transtion metals

2. bohr-rutherford model

   • • electron: is a subatomic particle,,with a negative electric charge
     • proton: is a subatomic particle, with a positive electric charge
     • Neutrons: the particle in the atomic nucleus with a mass = 1 and charge = 0

3. Lewis dot structures

4. Compounds

   • Ionic compounds
     • metal + non-metal
       • negatively charge ending add "ide"
   • Molecular compounds
     • non-metal + non-metal
       • Sharing election,each side called cavalent bonds
         • prefix 1.mono 2.di 3.tri 4.tetre 5.penta 6.hexa 7.hepta 8.octa 9.nona 10.deca
         • Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements
           • H2 hydrogen N2 nitrogen O2 oxygen F2 fluorine P4 phosphprus S8 sulfur Cl2 chlorine Se8 selenium Br2 bromine I2 iodine # "HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER"
   • COMMON polyatomic ions
     • NH4 ammonium C2H3O2 acetate CIO3 chlorate CN cyanide OH hydroxide NO3 nitrate MnO4 permanganate CO3 carbonate CrO4 chromate SO4 sulfate PO4 phosphate
       • "ate" ending : considered to be acting as a single unit

5. type of chemical reactions

   • 6 type
     • Decomposition: AB→A+B
       • reaction where a large or complex molecule breaks down to form 2 or more simpler products
     • synthesis : A+B→AB
       • a reaction in which two reactants combine to make a larger,more complex product
     • single displacement: A+BC→AC+B
       • one element replaces of another in a compound,producing a new compoud and a new element
     • double displacement: AB+CD→AD+BC
       • reaction in which two element in diffent compound trade places.
     • combustion: reaction where a substane reacts with oxygen to produce oxide and energy(heat and light).
       • complete combustion
         • when all available fuel is used up and produces only carbon dioxide,water and energy,can only happen when oxygen is plentiful
       • incomplete combustion
         • occures when the oxygen supply is limited, and may produce carbon monoxide ,soot,water and energy
   • states in equations
     • solid (s) liquid(l) gas(g) aqueous(dissolved in water)(aq)

6. evidence of chemical reaction

   • colour change,soulid material appears,heat o light,bubble of gas,flame or tempenature change,a new substanceis produced

7. law of conservation mass

   • During a chemical reaction, the total mass and number of atom of the reactants equal the total mass and number of atom of the products

8. A word reaction is a chemical reaction expressed in words rather than chemical formulas.

   • A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae
     • reactants :are the substances that are used up in the reaction.
       • products: are substances produced during the reaction
         • + means reacts →meansproduct

9. Acids VS Bases

   • Acids
     • taste sour,have no charactenristic texture,conduct electric current when dissolved in water,are reactive with metal,turn blue litmus paper red,lose many of their properties when they react with bases,corrode living and once-linving tissue,as well as metal
     • H2SO4 sulfuric acid from burningof coal, HNO3 nitric acid from exhaust pipes of motor vehicles
   • Bases
     • taste bitter,have a slippery texture,conduct electric current when dissolved water,are not reactive with metal, turen red litmus paper blue,lose many of their properties when they react with acids,corrode living and once-living tissue
   • Ph value(scale)
     • Strong acid (0 1 2 3 4 5 6) weak acid (7) neutral weak base (8 9 10 11 12 13 14) strong base
       • when the ph number changes by one, the strength of the acid or base change by tten times.
   • name of binary acids
     • 1.HF hydrofluoric acid 2.H2S(aq) hydrosulfuric acid 3.H3P hydrophosphoric acid 4.HI hydrobromic acid 5.HBr hydrobromic acid 6.HCI hydrochloric acid 7.HNO3 nitric acid
       • ending with "ic"
   • acid+base=neutralization
     • produce a salt and water
   • ph indicator
     • bromothymol blue
       • Appearing yellow below pH 6.0, bluish green in neutral, blue above pH 7.6
     • litmus paoer
       • acid turn blue litmus paper red, base turn red litmus paper blue

10. who made this

    • YE YUAN

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