1_Sentences, Utterances and Propositions.

1_Sentences, Utterances and Propositions.

1. Utterance

   • A piece of language
     • Sequence of sentences.
     • Single phrase.
     • Single word.
   • Examples
     • "Hello".
     • "Not much".
   • Are ephemeral.
   • Die on the wind.
   • Are Physical events.
   • Accent.
     • Pronuncing words.

2. Sentence

   • It is not.
     • A physical event.
     • A physical object.
   • It is.
     • Conceived abstractly.
     • A string of words.
       • Grammatical rules.
       • Expressing.
         • Complete thought.
     • Words together.
       • By grammatical rules.
   • Phonetic characteristics.
     • Accent,
     • Voice quality.

3. Proposition.

   • Meaning.
   • Declarative sentence.
   • State of affairs.
     • Involves.
       • Persons
       • Things.
       • Asserts a preposition.
   • Rule.
     • Notion of true.
       • True.
         • Facts
           • Word facts.
       • False.
         • DO not correspond to facts.

4. Reference and Sense.

   • Sense.
     • Relationships
       • Language.
       • World.
     • Semnatic relationships.
       • Sameness of meaning.
         • Vertical
         • Upright.
       • Phrases asn sentences.
         • Same word.
           • Different meanings.
             • Bank
               • Enterprise.
             • Bank.
               • Thing.
   • Reference.
     • Relationships.
       • Inside the language.
       • Parts of language.
       • Things outside the language.
     • Two expressions.
       • Same referent.