Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland

1. Master glands means act as boss

2. Anterior - at the front of

3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

   • Thyroid gland
     • Regulation of metabolism, breakdown of fat, control of water content

4. Somatrophic Hormone (growth)

   • Long bones and muscles of the body
     • Increases rate of growth and maintains size in adulthood. Over-secretion in children can cause gigantism, under-secretion can cause dwarfism

5. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)

   • Adrenal cortex
     • This stimulates and controls the growth and hormonal output of the adrenal cortex

6. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

   • Sexual Organs
     • Controls maturation of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males

7. Gonadotrophic Hormones

   • Sexual Organs
     • These control the development and growth of the ovaries and testes

8. Luteinising Hormone (LH)

   • Sexual organs
     • In women this helps prepare the uterus for the fertilised ovum and prepares breasts for lactation in pregnancy. In men it acts on the testes to produce testosterone

9. Prolactin

   • The breasts
     • This stimulates the production of the milk from the breasts following birth

10. Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

    • The skin
      • This stimulates the production of melanin in the basal cell layer of the skin

11. Posterior - behind or lower

12. Oxytocin

    • Pregnant uterus, breasts
      • Contraction of smooth muscle, stimulates the uterus during childbirth and stimulates the breasts to produce milk

13. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

    • Kidneys
      • Increase in absorption of water so less urine is excreted. Under-secretion can cause diabetes insipidus, which is characterised by excess excretion of dilute urine

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