1210 Week 14

1210 Week 14

1. Lecture 1

   • Cell Types
     • neuroglia
     • glial cells
     • glia
       • mylinated cells - schwann and oligodendrocytes
       • supporting cells - astrocytes, satelite, scavenger - microglia
     • supporting cells are 3X more common than nerve cells
     • nerve - bundle of axons in the PNS
       • cell body - soma
       • afferent - go to the CNS
         • sensory - release glutamate
       • efferent - leaves the CNS
         • motor
       • interneurones - don't leave the CNS
       • excitatory - increase activity of target cells and release glutamate
       • inhibitory - decrease activity of target cells and release GABA
       • they are all different shapes and sizes
     • purkinje - only cells that take signals out of the cerebellum
     • nucleus - group of cell bodies in the CNS
     • tract - group of functionally related axons in the CNS
     • ganglion - group of cell bodies in the PNS
   • Autonomic/Somatic Nervous System
     • somatic - voluntary
       • cell bodies in the CNS are found in the spinal cord
     • autonomic - involuntary
       • sympathetic
         • ganglia close to CNS
         • release acetylcholine in the PNS
         • release noradrenaline at its end terminals
       • parasympathetic
         • ganglia far from the CNS
         • release acetylcholine in the PNS
         • release acetylcholine at its end terminals
   • Neuroanatomy
     • CNS - brain and spinal cord
     • PNS - efferent and afferent nerves
       • the cell bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglia
     • internal/external environment > sensory components > CNS > motor components - autonomic somatic > effectors