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7343622
Theories of Learning
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7..... Seven out of the eight posters due for Mr Vic
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physical education
a level
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Madi Jones
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Madi Jones
mais de 7 anos atrás
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Theories of Learning
Operant Conditioning
The use of reinforcement to link correct responses to a stimulus
The Stimulus-Response Bond
Positive Reinforcement
A pleasant stimulus after the correct response
Offer praise
Offers motivation for the student to use the correct response again
Negative Reinforcement
Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response
The unpleasant stimulus is usually negative criticism
Punishment
An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring
weakening the S-R bond
Trial and error learning
Manipulates the environment
Shapes behaviour using reinforcement
A behaviourist theory
Observational Learning
BANDURA
Both acceptable and unacceptable behaviour is learnt by copying
FOUR STAGES
1: ATTENTION
Focus, watch, observe the 'model'
model must be intersting
model must be attractive
model must be accurate
2: RETENTION
Remember
Highlight the cues
Make sure it's memorbale
Make sure it's in bite-size chunks
Repeat it, to create the mental image
3: MOTOR REPRODUCTION
Anything involving voluntary movement
Copying
time to practise
Start easy then build up
4: MOTIVATION
Exciting, achievable but challenging
Keep motivation by offering rewards
Social Development Theory
Learning by association with others
Learning from more knowledgeable others
Demonstrates values and morals
Inter-psychological learning
Learning from others externally
Intra-psychological learning
Learning using others or an MKO to develop knowledge
Constructivism
Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance
Zone of proximal development
1: What can I do alone?
2: What can I do with help?
3: What can I not do yet?
Insight Learning
Using past experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the whole skill
A cognitive learning theory
Practises should be made to replicate game situations
Provide experiences of problem solving
Encourages the learner to think for themselves
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