Regions and cavities

Regions and cavities

1. Axial region

   • head neck and trunk; main vertical axis
   • ventral aspects
     • arises from coelom; develop during embryonic development; thoracic diaphragm develop in between cavities
     • abdominopelvic cavity
       • abdominal cavity
         • superior to horizontal plane; contain digestive organs, kidneys, ureters of urinary system
       • pelvic cavity
         • inferior to horizontal plane; contains distal part of large intestine, urinary bladder, urethra and internal reproduction. organs
       • peritoneum
       • Regions
         • nine compartments with 2 transverse and 2 sagittal planes
         • Left Hypochonriac
           • Part stomach, the spleen, left colic flexure of L. Intestine, and part L. Kidney    
         • Lumbar
           • descending colon, part L. Kidney, part S. Intestine    
         • illac
           • Junction parts of colon and S. Intestine    
         • Epihastric
           • contains liver, stomach, duodenum, part pancreas, adrenal gland; superior row, middle column 
         • umbilical
           •  Contains transverse colon (middle region), part small intestine, and branches of blood vessels to lower limbs Orientation: Middle Row, Middle Column
         • hypogastric
           • Small intestine, urinary bladder, and sigmoid colon of large intestine Orientation: Inferior Row, Middle Column    
         • Right Hypochondriac
           • part liver, the gallbladder, and part R. Kidney    
         • Lumbar
           • Ascending colon, R. Colic flexure of L. Intestine, Superior part of cecum, part R. Kidney, and part S. Intestine    
         • lilac
           • Inferior end of cecum, the appendix, part S. Intestine    
       • Quadrants
         • 4 quadrants
         • LUQ
         • LLQ
         • RUQ
         • RLQ
     • Thoracic cavity
       • mediastinum
         • median space in the cavity (between left and right lungs contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and 
       • pericardial
         • contains heart
         • parietal pericardium
         • pericardial cavity
           • space in between contains serous fluid
         • visceral pericardium
       • pleural
         • contains lungs
         • parietal pleura
         • pleural cavity
           • space in between contains serous fluid
         • visceral pleura
     • Serous membranes
       • lines thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity; secretes serous fluid into serous cavity
       • pariental layers
         • lines internal surface of body wall
       • visceral layers
         • covers external surface of organs in the cavity
       • serous fluid
   • posterior aspects
     • encased in bone; physical and developmentally different from ventral cavity
     • cranial cavity
       • forms cranium with brain enclosed on bones
     • vertebral canal
       • contains spinal cord and vertebral column enclosed in bones

2. Appendicular regions

   • limbs and appendages