Topic 2 Atomic Structure

Topic 2 Atomic Structure

1. 2.1 The Atom

   • Element
     • A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction.
   • Molecules
     • Atoms can combine together in small numbers to for molecules
   • Compounds
     • A substance made by chemically combining two or more elements
   • Sub-Atomic Particles
     • Proton (+)
     • Electron (-)
     • Neutron (0)
       • Neutron= Mass number - Atomic Number
   • Ions
     • It's an atom lose or gain electrons
       • Cation (+)
       • Anion (-)
     • e.g Al 3+
   • Isotopes
     • Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers
       • e.g. 35 Cl, 37 Cl
       • Carbon 14 dating
         • Use for determine a objects age, mostly used by achaeologists
       • Cobalt 60 radiotheropy
         • Radiotherapy used for targeting certain cancer cells
       • Iodine 131
         • Treatment and check up for thyroid gland and cancer

2. 2.2 The Mass Spectrometer

   • VIADD
     • Vaporization
       • Sample is vaporized into gaseous state
     • Ionization
       • The electrons are knock out and produce a positive charge
     • Acceleration
       • Positive ions are accelerated by an electric field
     • Deflection
       • Accelerated ions are deflected by a magnetic field depending on the charge/mass ratio
     • Detection
       • mass/charge ratio are detected and sent to a recorder

3. 2.3 Electron Arrangment

   • Line Spectra
     • When light is passing through hydrogen gas only some lights will be shown
   • Continues Spectra
     • We see this when sunlight passes through a prism to produce a continues spectrum
   • Hydrogen Spectrum
   • Electron arrangment examples
     • H= 1
     • Ne= 2,8
     • Ca= 2,8,8,2

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