1.Human Anatomy

1.Human Anatomy

1. ANATOMY: Structure of body parts, forms and relationship

2. PHYSIOLOGY: functions of body parts.

3. DISSECTION: cutting apart to see relationship.

4. 1) Body positions

   • a) Anatomical position: facing the observer, palms turned forward.
   • b) Prone: body lying face DOWN
   • c) Supine (spine): body lying face UP

5. 2) Regional

   • Head (cephalic), cranial, facial
   • Neck (cervical)
   • Trunk (chest, abdomen, pelvis)
   • Upper limb
   • lower limb

6. 3) Directional

   • Superior (cephalic or cranial) / Inferior (lower or caudal)
   • Anterior, Front (Ventral) / Posterior (dorsal)
   • Medial / Lateral
   • Intermediate
   • Ipsilateral (left, on the same side) / contralateral (opposite side)
   • Proximal / Distal
   • Superficial / Deep (eg ribs are superficial to the lungs)

7. 4) Planes/Sections

   • Sagittal (vertical): divides right/left
   • Midsagittal/Median: equal parts
   • Parasagittal (near) unequal parts
   • Frontal/Coronal: divides anterior/posterior
   • Transverse (horizontal/cross-section): divides superior/inferior
   • Oblique: angle, except 90

8. 5) Body Cavities

   • Dorsal: Cranial, Vetebral, Meninges
   • Ventral
     • Thoracic, Chest cavity
       • Pleural (lung) Pleura
       • Pericardial (Heart) pericardium
       • Mediastinum (between lungs) contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels
     • Diaphragm
     • Abdominopelvic cavity
       • Abdominal (stomach, spleen, liver gallbladder, small intestine, most large intestine) Peritoneum
       • Pelvic cavity
         • Urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, reproduction organs

9. 9 Abdominopelvic REGIONS: anatomical studies

   • 1. Right hypochondriac
   • 2. Epigastric
   • 3. Left hypochondriac
   • 4. Right lumbar
   • 5. Umbilical
   • 6. Left Lumbar
   • 7. Right inguinal
   • 8. Hypogastric
   • 9. Left inguinal

10. 4 Abdominopelvic QUADRANTS: locate site of pain, tumor

    • Right upper (RUQ)
    • Left upper (LUQ)
    • Right lower (RLQ)
    • Left lower (LLQ)