Geography

Geography

1. Climate Change

2. Living in an Active Zone

   • Crust: Solid rock/the crust is solid rock varying in thickness
     • Oceanic Crust - younger/denser/can be destroyed
     • Continental Crust - older/lighter/cannot be destroyed
   • Mantle: Liquid rock (magma)/the mantle in molten rocks
   • Outer core: Liquid iron and nickel/the outer core is liquid nickel and iron with high pressure and temperature
   • Inner core: Solid iron and nickel/the inner core is a solid nickel and iron. very high pressure and highest temperature
   • Plate Boundries
     • Destructive plate boundries (converging)
       • Oceanic crust collides with Continental cruset
       • Oceanic crust is pushed under the Continental crust as it is denser and heavier
       • The oceanic crust is destroyed in the heat and pressure of the mantle
       • Builds up heat, pressure and friction and forces the molten rock (magma) UPWARDS
       • The magma forces its way through the CRUST in a huge and violent volcanic eruption
       • Volcanoes are formed
       • Volcanic Island chains are formed
       • Deep ocean tenches are found where 1 plate is pushed beneath another
     • Constructive plate boundries (diverging)
       • Volcanoes are formed
         • The MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE is a ridge formed beneath the atlantic ocean where 2 plates are splitting apart
           • Iceland is actually sitting on top of this split and is therefore splitting in to two
       • A constructive plate boundary is where 2 plates move apart (DIVERGE)
       • This is caused by convection in the mantle which drag the 2 plates apart
       • Magma rises to the surface between the two plates and forms a RIDGE under the ocean
     • Conservative plate boundries
       • A conservative plate boundary is one where 2 plates push past one another
       • When one plate catches on another and suddenly jerks past one another, an earthquake is produced
       • SAN ANDREAS FAULT
     • Collision plate boundary
       • A collision boundary is one where 2 continental plates, push together
       • The two plates, because they are both lighter, continental plates, push upwards against one another. This produces a folding effect on the plates and they form FOLD mountains

3. Polulation change

4. Water

   • Erosion
     • rock is worn away by the river
     • types of erosion: 1- hydraulic action 2. Abrasion 3/ Attrition/Corrasion 4. Corrosion
       • Abrasion: the erosion of the river bottom and the riverbank by material being carried by the river itself
       • Attrition: the rocks and pebbles being carried by the river itself
   • Transportation
     • Eroded material is carried by the river
   • Depostion

5. Development

6. Globalisation