Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry

1. DILUTIONS

   • C1V1 = C2V2
     • Example 1 --------------- Potassium ion for intravenous drips should be administered at 0.04 moll-1. How many ml of 1.0 moll-1 of concentrated solution should be made up to 0.5l to obtain the correct concentration?
       • Answer
     • Example 2 --------------- What volume 0.5moll-1 sodium carbonate is required to make, by dilution of water, one litre of a solution with a Na+(aq) concentration 0.2moll-1?
       • Answer
   • Principals Of Chemical Reactions

2. Balanced Chemical Equation = Stoicheometric Equation

3. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

   • Uses stoichiomteric equations to establish amount of a given element compound in a sample
   • VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
     • VOLUME
     • Determine the concentration of a solution using a STANDARD SOLUTION
       • Standard solutions prepared from PRIMARY STANDARD
         • Properties of a Primary Standard
         • Common Primary Standards
     • ACID/BASE TITRATION
       • C1V1P1 = C2V2P2
         • Example 1 ---------------- What is the concentration of citric acid ( a triprotic acid) in lemon juice if 10ml of the juice requires 12.0ml of 0.050 moll-1 sodium hydroxide for complete neutralisation.
           • Answer
       • C1V1/n1 = C2V2/n2
         • Example 2 ------------ Flask contains 52.5ml of 0.15moll-1 calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. How many ml of 0.35ml sodium carbonate (Na2CaO3¬) are required to react completely with the calcium hydroxide?
           • Answer
       • Calculate unknown concentration of acid or base
       • Colour change = Endpoint (Indicator)
     • REDOX TITRATION
       • C1V1/n1 = C2V2/n2
         • Example
           • Answer
       • Acidified Potassium Permanganate commonly used (SELF indicator)
       • iodine also used with starch as indicator
       • Based on oxidation/reduction reaction
   • GRAVAMETRIC ANALYSIS
     • MASS

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