SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

1. CHEMICALS

   • Electric conductivity
     • Microbiological activity and plant growth
       • dS / m; comparison between upper and lower limits for plant and microbial activity
   • Organic matter content
     • Soil fertility, stability and degree of erosion, productive potential
       • kg (C ó N)/ha
   • Heavy metals available
     • Toxic levels for plant growth and crop quality
       • Maximum concentrations in irrigation water
   • N, P, K removable
     • Nutrient availability for plants, productivity indicators and environmental quality
       • kg / ha; sufficient levels for crop development
   • pH
     • Chemically and biologically
       • Comparison between upper and lower limits for plant and microbial activity
   • Cation Exchange Capacity
     • Soil fertility, productive potential
       • mol/kg

2. PHYSICAL

   • Texture
     • Retention and transport of water and minerals; soil erosion
       • % (sand, silt and clay); loss of site or landscape position
   • Water retention capacity
     • Moisture content, transport, erosion, usable moisture, texture, organic matter
       • % (cm3 / cm3); cm usable humidity / 30cm; precipitation intensity (mm / h)
   • Depth (surface soil and roots)
     • Depth (surface soil and roots
       • cm; m
   • Infiltration and bulk density
     • Potential for leaching, productivity and erosion
       • min / 2.5cm water; g / cm3
   • Aggregate stability
     • Potential erosion of a soil, water infiltration
       • % (stable aggregates)

3. BIOLOGICAL

   • Microbial biomass content
     • Potential microbial catalyst, replacement of C and N
       • kg (C or N) / ha relative to C, N total or CO2 produced
   • Mineralizable nitrogen
     • Soil productivity and potential contribution of N
       • kg N · ha-1 · day-1 relative to C, total N
   • Worm Content
     • Microbial activity
       • Number of worms
   • Crop yield
     • Potential crop production, nutrient availability
       • Cómo se pronuncia kg product / ha
   • Aeration, water content, temperature
     • Measurement of microbiological activity
       • kg C · ha-1 · day-1 relative to the activity of microbial biomass; loss of C against entries to the total C reservoir

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