Mapa mental

SEMANTICS IN LINGUISTIC

DANIELA NORE?A CATA?O Espanhol

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What is sematics?
- Semantics is the study of meaning communicated through language
  - A person's linguistic abilities are based on the knowledge they have
    - Different types of linguistic knowledge
      - Levels of analysis
        PHONOLOGY
        It is the study of the sounds of a language and how to combine this soudns to create a word
        SYNTAX
        How words can be combined into senteces
        Linguistic description reflects a speaker's knowledge while semantics describes semantic knowledge
        SEMANTICS AND SEMIOTICS
        The focus on semantis is to demonstrate how people communicate meaning with pieces of languae
        Signification is the process of creating and interpreting symbols
        SEMIOTICS
        Ferdinand de Saussure said "semioticians investigate the types of relationship between a sign and the object it represents"
        C.S Peirce said that the study is between icon, index and symbol
        An icon is when you find a simirality between a sign and what it represents
        In the index the sign has a close association with its signifies
        A symbol is where is a connection between the sign and its signfied
        THREE CHALLENGES IN DOING SEMANTICS
        Definitions theory states that to give meaning of linguistic expressions we should stablish definitions of the meaning of words
        CIRCURALITY: If the definition of a word is given in words the process wil never end
        How can we be sure that our definitions of a word's meaning are exact?
        MEETING THE CHALLENGES
        Linguistic analysis is incomplete without sematics
        SOLUTION 1-Metalanguage: Describe semantic units and rules of all languages
        Neutral with all the natural languages
        SOLUTION 2- CONVENTIONAL OR LITERAL MEANING: Differ an expression's meaning between the local contextual effects and a context-free elemen of meaning
        ACTIVE ROLE: HEARD+ KNOWLEDGE+INFERENCES+ SPEAKER'S MEANING
        That is: PRAGMATICS
        SEMANTICS IN A MODEL OF GRAMMAR
        Linguistics knowledge forms distinct modules
        What kind od module is semantics?
        It could varies from theory to theory
        Units at all linguistic levels serve to communicate meaning, so, meaning cannot be identified as a separate level, autonomous from the study of other levels of grammar
        This view is associated with the theory of cognitive grammar
        WORD MEANING AND SENTENCE MEANING
        For knowing a language you need to know thousands of words
        That is called LEXICON
        That lexicon is like a mental storage where we collect our knowledge
        Phrases and sentences have meaning, productivity is that gives word meaning and phrases and sentences the difference
        Speakers normally create a lot of words and sentences combining rules
        This needs to be recursive and allow repetitive embedding or cordination of syntactic categories
        Also, it can be called compositional
        What it is?
        Semantics define sentences meaning like compositional saying that meaning of an expresion is determined by the meaning of its component parts and the way in which they are combinated
        REFERENCE AND SENSE
        Meaning of linguistic expressions derives from two sources
        The language they are part
        The world they describe
        Furthermore
        Words derive their value from their position within the language system
        The relationship between language and world is called REFERENCE
        The semantic links between elements within the vocabulary system is an aspect of their SENSE
        UTTERANCES,SENTENCES AND PREPOSITIONS
        An uterance is created by speaking or writing a piece of language
        Sentences are abstract grammatical elements obtained fron utterances
        Propositions are descriptions of states of affairs and can be part of capturing the meaning of sentences
        LITERAL AND NON-LITERAL MEANING
        Speakers speaks neutral,factually accurate
        Speakers exgerated things and give their perception of things to give special effects
        Sometimes it is also called FIGURATIVE
        Includes
        Methaphor - Irony - Hyperbole ...
        Semantics fields are systematically organized around central metaphors
        SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS
        Both, semantics and pragmatics are concerned with the transmission of meaning through language
        Charles Morri's division of semiotics, the early use of the term pragmatics
        SYNTAX: The formal relation of signs to each other
        SEMANTICS : The relations of signs to the objects to which the signs are applicable
        Meaning abstracted away from users
        Sentence meaning
        PRAGMATICS : The relaton of signs to interpreters
        Meaning described in relation to speakers and hearers
        Speakers meaning
        What particular utterances mean in context?
        SEMANTICS
        It is the study of the meaning of words and senteces

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Descrição: Mapa Mental sobre SEMANTICS IN LINGUISTIC, criado por DANIELA NORE?A CATA?O em 20-02-2018.
Criado por: DANIELA NORE?A CATA?O
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SEMANTICS IN LINGUISTIC

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