9.2 ANCIENT EGYPT

9.2 ANCIENT EGYPT

1. RIVER NILE

   • Ancient Egypt developed along the River Nile
   • It provide water for human needs and agriculture
   • It was also the main route for comunications

2. THE HISTORY OF EGYPT

   • THE OLD KINGDOM (3100-2050 BC)
     • The Egyptian STATE was created and the PHARAOH became a powerful divine figure.
     • The capital was at MEMPHIS
   • THE MIDDLE KINGDOM (2050-1580 BC)
     • More power for the pharaoh
     • New territories in the south
     • The capital was Thebes
   • THE NEW KINGDOM (1580-31 BC)
     • Famous pharaohs: Amenhoted III, Akhenaten and Ramesses II.
     • Large palaces and temples
     • Libya and Syria were conquered
   • King MENES was the first PHARAOH of Egypt
   • From 1100 BC, there were several FOREING INVASIONS

3. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT EGYPT

   • THE PHARAOH
     • PHARAOH was a monarch who rule in Ancient Egypt with absolute power.
     • The pharaoh governed, owned the land, and led the army
     • They were GODS for people
     • DYNASTIES were create (pharaohs were succeeded by their children)
   • THE EGYPTIAN STATE
     • CIVIL SERVANTS (funcionarios). Organised the vast territories of the empire.
     • NOBLEMEN (nobleza). Received lands and treasures from the pharaoh.
     • PRIESTS (sacerdotes). Directed religious rituals and temples.
     • SCRIBES (escribas). Kept official records, and counted goods in the royal warehouses (almacenes)
     • SOLDIERS (soldados). Protected the frontiers.
   • WHAT WAS SOCIETY LIKE?
     • Most people were poor PEASANTS (campesinos) who live in houses along the Nile, in lands did not belong to them.
     • CRAFTSMEN (carpinteros): made scultures, textiles and papyrus.
     • MERCHANTS: exchanged products (wood, minerals and perfumes) because thet didn´t have money
     • SERVANTS: were free people who worked for a salary.
     • SLAVES: were often prisioners of a war and have no rights
   • THE ROLE OF WOMEN
     • They had some rights and freedom. They could inherit and own property.
     • Most worked as peasants (campesinas) or servants
     • A few were female pharaohs (i.e. Cleopatra)

4. RELIGION AND ART IN EGYPT

   • POLYTHEISTIC RELIGION: They believed in many GODS.
     • the SUN called RA, AMUN or ATUM.
     • Others Gods were ISIS, OSIRIS and HORUS.
     • Also worshipped (adoraban) some animals like cats or cocodriles; river Nile and the Pharaoh.
   • ATTITUDES TO DEATH
     • They believed they had a life after death
     • The body of important people were dried to make a MUMMY, placed in SARCOPHAGUS
     • The TOMBS contained everything they needed in the afterlife (la siguiente vida)
     • The biggest tombs were the PYRAMIDS for the pharaohs.
   • TEMPLES
   • ART
     • Artists were considered craftsmen
     • Most Egyptian art had a religious meaning; other had a political meaning.
     • Large statues of the pharaohs.
   • PAINTING
     • Figures represented in a hierarchical order anfd painting without perspective
     • Human body is shown from the front but the head, arms and legs are seem in profile

Imagens e arquivos do mapa

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• Ancient Egypt - Facts for Kids & Adults (Incorporar)
• Egyptian Social Structure (Incorporar)
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• THIS is Why Great Pyramids of Giza Egypt Were NOT Tombs Lost Ancient Human Civilization & Egyptians (Incorporar)