See The Atom Be The Atom

See The Atom Be The Atom

1. Atomic Structure

   • Neutrons
   • Protons
   • Electrons

2. Periodic Table

   • Rows = Shells
   • Columns = electrons on outer shell
   • the closer to the left or right edge apart from the nobel gases makes it more reactive

3. Nuclear Radaiation

   • An Isotope is an element with a different number of neutrons
   • Unstable Nucleus - Balance of protons and neutrons, too many creates instability 1:1 for elemnts under 20 and 1:15 for elements 21-85.
   • Half Life - Time taken for a radioactive isotope to halve.
   • Plutonium 238 - Space exploration, powerful Aplha emitter Radioactive thermoelectrical generator (RTG)
   • Strontium 90 - Radioactive tracer, Beta Rays, Requires Nuclear Fission
   • Benefits - Reliable and poewrful power emitters and can cure cancer
   • Disadvantages - Can cause cancer and contaminate areas for long periods of time.

4. Chemical Naming

   • Rule 1 - Two identical elements name doesn't change eg. Hydrogen
   • Rule 2 - When two elements join it ends in ide eg. Magnesiumoxide
   • Rule 3 - 3+ elements and 2 = Hydrogen and Oxygen it ends in Hyrdoxide eg. Potassiumhydroxide
   • Rule 4 - 3+ elements and 1 = Oxygen it ends in Ate eg. Silvernitrate
   • Rule 5 - Metal always goes first
   • Polyatomic Atoms - Atoms that are charged

5. Chemical Equations

   • Symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, the reactants are on the left with the product on the right
   • Combination - Two elements combine into one eg. Hydrogen + Nitrogen = Ammonium
   • Decomposition - One element breaks into two eg. Water = Hydrogen = Oxygen
   • Neutralisation - A base and aid create water + salt eg. Hcl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
   • Precipitation - Produces insoluble solid (precipitate) when two clear solutions mix. Soluble Salt A + Soluble Salt B = Insoluble Salt C + Insoluble Salt D

6. Recalling

   • BAWS - Base + Acid = Water + Salt eg. Hydrochloric Acid + Sodiumhydroxide = SodiumChloride + Water
   • CAWCS - Carbonate + Acid = Water + Carbon Dioxide + Salt eg, Magnesium Carbonate + hydrochloric Acid = Magnesium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide
   • MASH - Metal + Acid = Salt + Hydrogen eg. Calcium + Nitric Acid = Calcium NItrate + Hydrogen