Physical Education

Physical Education

1. Healthy, Active Lifestyle

   • A healthy active lifestyle is one that contributes positively to physical, social and mental wellbeing, and includes regular exercise and physical activity
     • Physical Benefits
       • Increase fitness
         • Improve performance
           • Physical challange
             • Contribute to physical health
     • Social Benefits
       • Mix and work with others
         • Make new friends
           • Develop teamwork skills
             • Meet with current friends
     • Mental Benefits
       • Relieve stress
         • Mental challange
           • Increase self esteem/confidence
             • Enjoyment
               • Help the individual feel good
                 • Aesthetic appreciation
                 • Competition

2. Influences on taking part in sport

   • They can be both positive and negative
     • This means they can either encourage partipition or discourage
       • Resources
         • Sports need suitable facilities that are accessible,in the right location and are open at the necessery times
         • The cost of some sports can affect participation, as well as a persons status
           • Socio-economic
             • Cultural Factors
               • People
                 • Influenced by others: family, peers or rolemodels
                   • Image
                     • Health & well being
                       • Illness and health problems can affect participation in some sports, such as asthma
                     • Sport popularity increase-media coverage or fashion assoscated with sports
               • Factors such as dissability, age, gender and race can determine which sports to take part in

3. Roles in sport

   • Performer
     • Most common way of being involved in sport, either as a beginner all the way up to being a professional
     • Leader
       • Official
         • To oversee matches, ensuring they are played fairly and to the correct rules
         • Volunteer
           • Take up a variety of roles within a club or at an event, such as looking after kit and equipment, first aid, transport
       • This could in the form of a coach or a teacher to train and develop performers

4. Sports Presentation Pyramid

   • This is used to illustrate the development form mass participation at the base of the pyramid to excellence at the top
     • The grater the number of people who participate, the broader the base
       • The broader the base, the more likely that some will achieve excellence
         • Elite/Excellence stage - Top-class sporting performance - eg. Proffessional club, national and international level
           • Performance stage - Begin to develop talent in a sport and receive quality coaching - eg. Local and regional level
             • Participation stage - Participation in a specific sport is more regular, in their own time and for enjoyment - eg. School/local sports teams
               • Foundation stage - where they learn basic sports skills - eg. Primary PE lessons

5. Initatives for becoming and remaining involved in sport

   • There are a number of key initiatives running that are aimed at getting and keeping people involved in sport
     • Charities like Sport England are committed to helping people and communities across the country creat sporting habitats for life
       • This means investing in organistaions and projects that will get more people playing sport and creating opportuniries for people to excel at their chosen sport
         • On initiative is Sportivate - it's a lottery funded program that gives 11-25 year olds who arn't particulaly sporty access to 6-8 weeks of free or discounted coaching in a range of sports
           • When the free or low-cost coaching has finished they will be supported to continue playing that sport
             • Targets a variety of young people including those with a disability and people from black and ethnic minority groups
       • Youth Sports Trust
         • A registered charity that aims to increase young people's involvement with PE and sport
           • They help:
             • -Schools and teachers by providing resources
               • -Young people get involved in sport through clubs and courses
                 • Identify sporting talent and support them in reaching their goals
   • Purpose of sports initatiives:
     • Increase participation and to improve health
       • Retain people in sport throgh an effectve network of clubs, sports facillities, coaches, volunteers and competition
         • Craete opportunities for talented performers to achieve success at a high level

6. Governing Bodies

   • National governing bodies are resposible for regulating their sport
     • Each spor's governing body will maintain the rules and discipline, provide coaching and oversee all the clubs involved
       • They will also lookto create opportunities for people to get involved with their sport by providing funding and assistance with coaching, facilities etc.

7. Health, Exercise, Fitness and Performance

   • Exercise
     • 'A form of physical activity done to improve one's health and fitness'
       • Health
         • 'A state of complete mental, physical and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease'
           • Good health comes from:eating sensibly, limiting alcohol intake, coping with stress, regular rest and sleep, not smoking or taking drugs
             • Physical well-being: cardiovascular and respiritary system works well, strong muscular system, good body shape, can resist and recover from ilness
               • Mental: can cope with the stress of life through leisure activities and interests, able to control our emoutions
                 • Social well-being: can develop friendships and personal relationships, feel good about ourselves with a good self-esteem
                 • Fitness
                   • 'The ability to meet the demands of the environment'
                     • Needed in sport and everyday life
                       • Fitness is developed through exercise and contributes to enhanced performance
                         • Many athletes are fit but not healthy eg, taking performance drugs
                           • Performance
                             • 'How well a task is completed'
                               • Levels of performance differ, from cometing at the world cup, to playing in a local league
                                 • If you have a good performance, you feel satisfied and successful
                                   • Exercise improves health and develops fitness, which enhances performance in physical activity

8. Health related exercise

   • Health-Related Exercise is all the fitness components we need to enjoy good health
     • They are used in sport, but are needed in everyday tasks
       • The components are :
         • Muscular Strength
           • The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance
         • Muscular Endurance
           • The ability to use the voluntary muscles many times without getting tired
         • Body Composition
           • The percentage of body weight that is fat, muscle and bone
         • Cardiovascular Fitness
           • The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time
         • Flexibility
           • The range of movement possible at a joint

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