IP network division in subnets

IP network division in subnets

1. IPv4 network division in subnets

   • Network segmentation
     • Broadcast domains
       • The devices use broadcast to identify the following
         • Other devices
           • It uses the address resolution protocol (ARP), to detect the associated MAC address.
         • Services
           • A host acquires its IPv4 address configuration with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
         • The switches propagate the broadcasts through all interfaces, except for the one in which they were received.
     • A problem with a large broadcast domain is that they can generate excessive broadcasts and affect the network negatively.
     • Subnetting decreases overall network traffic and improves performance.
   • Splitting an IPv4 network into subnets
     • Each interface on a router is connected to a network.
     • IPv4 subnets are created using one or more of the host bits as network bits
     • Networks are more easily subdivided into the limit of the octet of / 8/16 and / 24.
   • Prefixes / 16 and / 8
     • In a situation where a greater number of subnets is needed, an IPv4 network with more host bits is required to borrow.
   • Meet requirements
     • Subnetting based on need of hosts
       • The number of host addresses that are required for each network
       • The number of individual subnets required
     • Subnetting based on need for networks
       • Occasionally, a certain number of subnets is required, with less emphasis on the number of host addresses per subnet
   • Subnet Mask Length
     • Through the traditional subnetting, the same number of addresses is assigned to each subnet.

2. Design considerations for IPv6

   • Splitting an IPv6 network into subnets
     • IPv6 subnetting requires a different approach than IPv4 subnetting.
     • Subnetting by subnet ID
       • The subnet ID provides more subnets than necessary and supports more hosts than may be needed for a subnet
         • The 16-bit section allows you to do the following:
           • Create up to 65,536 subnets / 64.
           • Support up to 18 trillion host IPv6 addresses per subnet

3. Addressing Schemes

   • Structured design
     • Network subnet planning requires an analysis of the organization's network usage as well as how subnets will be structured
     • Network Addressing Planning
       • Monitor security and performance
       • Avoid address duplication
       • Provide and control access