Reasoning

Reasoning

1. Deductive

   • Premises
     • stated as general principle
   • Conclusion
     • It is certain
     • Its truth does not rely on initial premises
   • Validity
     • If the conclusion is true, premises must be true
   • top-down approach
     • from general idea to specific idea
   • Difficult to use

2. Inductive

   • Premises
     • bases on observation of specific ideas
   • Conclusion
     • reached by generalizing premises
   • Validity
     • reached by applying logical rules to the premises
   • bottom-up approach
     • from specific observation to broader generalization
   • easy to use