THE WORLD TODAY

THE WORLD TODAY

1. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

   • Consecuences
     • Different types of pollution
   • Different types of pollutions
     • Air
     • Noise
     • water

2. HOUSING

   • CAUSE
     • Inner city decline and the growth of the urban population
     • The high demand
     • The high prices
   • CONSECUENCE
     • More and more houses need to be built
     • A generalised increase in the cost of housing in all developed countries

3. FEATURES OF THE MAP OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION

   • Tertiarisation and financialisation
   • multinationals
   • Government bodies are now of secondary importance
   • Concentration of wealth
   • Economic instablility and increased inequality
   • Relocation of industry
   • Unemployment and a loss of purchasing power.

4. GLOBALIZACIÓN

   • Since the late 1980s
     • steadilly increased
       • single system
         • Economically Socially Politically Culturally
         • Interact with each other
         • They depend on

5. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALISATION

   • Communications (Internet, mobile telephones, lower transport costs)
   • High technology

6. MIGRATION

   • TIPES
     • Temporary
     • Forced
     • Voluntary
     • Permanent
   • CONSECUENCES
     • SOCIOECONOMIC CAUSES OF MIGRATION
       • Emigrants seek a better quality of life in terms of:
         • education
         • employment
         • health
     • POLITICAL CAUSES OF MIGRATIONS
       • The emigrants leave their countries, they are called EXILES
       • Conflicts and political crises disrupt a country and force
         • - Dissidents - The persecuted -those who fear for their live
           • To leave
     • NATURAL CAUSES OF MIGRATION
       • Catastrophes such as:
         • tsunamis
         • Floods
         • epidemics
         • earthquakes
         • eruptions
       • force local populations to leave their homes
   • CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION
     • FOR THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
       • ADVANTAGES
         • Large amounts of remittances are receiived
           • Emigrants send money tranfers to their families who stayed in the country of origin. This helps redue poverty in many families
         • Overpopulation can be alleviated
           • This reduces unemployment, consumption and pressure on resources
       • DISADVANTAGES
         • Well educated professionals leave to work in other countries
           • The country of origin therefore loses both the skills of the emigrant and the investment made in his or her training
         • The Young population leaves and the country is left with a larger proportion of children and elderly people
     • FOR THE DESTINATION COUNTRY
       • ADVANTAGES
         • The average age of the population is lowered
         • Economic and political interaction between the country of origin and the destination country is stimulated
         • Economic growth is driven forward by providing a WORKFORCE, increasing productivity and the level of employment
         • Culture is enriched
           • People from different countries are integrated into society
       • DISADVANTAGES
         • Some public services, especially healthcare and education services
           • Can become OVERWHELMED if the increase in the number of new citizens is not accompanied by the necessary public investment by the governent to meet increased user needs
         • Xenophobia, racismo or social conflicto can occur if integration policies are not implemented

7. CONFLICTS

   • ZONES
     • Africa´s forgotten conflicts
       • Somalia
       • Coltan and ethnic group
       • Boko Haram and Al Qaeda in Nigeria, Sub Saharan Africa and the Maghreb
       • Unresolved conflicto involving the Western Sahara and Moroco
     • The Middle East
       • 2003 Invasión of Iraq by the United States and its allies
       • The Syrian Civil War
       • The conflicto between Palestine and Israel
       • Islamic States
     • Russia´s neighbouring countries
       • To reawaken tensions (OTAN Russia´s neighouring countries)
       • Ukranian Civil War
     • Central Asia
       • Tibetan and Uyghur separatists in China
       • The extremist terrorist activity by the Taliban and Al Qaeda (Afganistan and Pakistan)
       • China, India and Pakistan (nuclear power) Kashmir
       • Conflict Iran and USA and Israel (nuclear programme)
     • Central and South América
       • United States and Venezuela
       • Drug trafficking in México and ColombiaDrug trafficking in México and Colombia
       • Drug trafficking in México and Colombia
       • United States and Cuba
     • The Arab Spring
       • 2011 Popular uprisings agains the government began in Tunisia
         • Dictatorial governments
         • Unstable economic conditions
     • Pacific
       • Conflictos entre
         • Corea del Sur (Usa, Japón )
         • Corea del Norte (China)
       • Intento de control de la región por parte de los aliados de America (Japón). Tensión con China
   • CONSEQUENCES
     • Wars between nations
     • Geopolitical tensions
     • Civil conflicts
     • Terrorism
     • Territorial disputes
   • CAUSES
     • Economic differences
     • Unresolved conflicts relating to other periods of history
     • Religious or cultural intolerance

8. IMPORTANT HISTORICAL FACTS

   • The end of the Cold War
   • The dissolution of the Soviet Union
   • The fall of de Berlin Wall

9. In large conurbations there is spatial segregation within the city

   • Families with very low incomes
   • Inmigrants from the same country
   • Some ethnic o religious minorities

10. TO UNDERSTAND A POPULATION´S CHARACTERISTICS

    • To study its birth rates
    • To study its death rates
    • To study the life expectancy
    • To study the natural population growth

11. Two major categories of the countries

    • By UNITED NATIONS
      • DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
      • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
    • Based of the classification
      • On the economic status
        • Per capita income
        • industrialization
        • Standard of living

12. INDICATORS TO CLASSIFY THE COUNTRIES

    • Information about the economy
    • The level of social and cultural development
    • Demographic and urban features

13. COUNTRIES

    • DEVELOPED
    • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
      • UNDERDEVELOPMENT
      • EMERGING ECONOMIES

14. THE CENTRE OF A GLOBALISED WORLD

    • Per capita GDP is very high, as is consumption
    • The interests of companies and governments continue to be considered more important than other things
    • This group is made up of rich countries that control international institutions
    • They are industrialised countires in which the terciary sector is the most powerful part the economy.
    • Their trade relations often assist with their development
    • They have democratic political systems
    • High levels of cultural and social development

15. CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY DEVELOPMENT LEVELS

    • DEVELOPED
      • Per capita GDP is very high, as is consumption
      • The interests of companies and governments continue to be considered more important than other things
      • This group is made up of rich countries that control international institutions
      • They are industrialised countires in which the terciary sector is the most powerful part the economy.
      • Their trade relations often assist with their development
      • They have democratic political systems
      • High levels of cultural and social development
    • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
      • UNDERDEVELOPMENT
        • Consumption per capita is very low
        • Very Little industrialisation
        • Political instability
        • They are dependent on developed countries
      • EMERGING ECONOMIES
        • A LEVEL OF INDUSTRIALISATION THAT IS SOMETIMES EVEN HIGHER THAN OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
        • HIGH RATES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

16. INDICATORS TO CLASSIFY THE COUNTRIES

    • Demographic and urban features
    • The level of social and cultural development
    • Information about the economy

17. TO UNDERSTAND A POPULATION´S CHARACTERISTICS

    • To study its birth rates
    • To study its death rates
    • To study the life expectancy
    • To study the natural population growth

18. Two major categories of the countries

    • By UNITED NATIONS
      • DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
      • DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
    • Based of the classification
      • On the economic status
        • industrialization
        • Per capita income
        • Standard of living

19. Unequal trade relations

    • High levels of foreign debt. This debt began as loans from Banks, international organisations and developed countries, which the underdeveloped nations have been unable to pay back.

20. UN

    • MAIN FUNCTIONS OF UN
      • To guarantee international security and peace
      • Defend human rights
      • To provide humanitarian aid.
    • ORGANS OF UN
      • Security Council
      • Secretariat
      • International Court of Justice
      • General Assembly
        • Security Council
          • Secretariat
            • International Court of Justice
      • deliberation
        • decision
          • Proposing, putting into practice and supervising actions
            • Trying and settling case
    • LIMITATIONS OF THE UN
      • Dependence on financial contributions
        • Some countries do not pay on time
        • Others use these contributions to try to influence the organisation´s decisions.
      • The enormous power held by the five countries with the power of veto on the Security Council.
        • They can block any decision
      • The lack of armed forces to make sure its resolutions are obeyed
        • This is compensated for by UN peacekeepers.

21. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs)

    • When
      • In the final decades of the 20th century
    • cause
      • In response to the injustice and inequality en the world, especially in the poorest countries
    • Origin
      • The first NGOs appeared in developed countries
    • consequence
      • Greater public awareness of issues
        • Human rights Poverty The protection of children Threats to the environment
    • THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF NGOs:
      • Most of their staff work as volunteers, although they do also have paid employees
      • They are funded by membership fees and contributions from companies, institutions, and individuals
      • They opérate independently of any governmental power
      • They deal with a wide variety of problems
        • NGOs work to solve one or more specific porblems and to respond to emergencies and natural disasters.

22. Countries around the world

    • Aim
      • To encourage political and economic cooperation within particular regions of the world
    • Often get together as part of
      • International organisations

23. REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS

    • European Union (EU)
    • The African Union (AU)
    • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
    • Organisation of American States (OAS)

24. INFORMAL FORUMS

    • G7 (1973)
      • This group is made up of the countrires with the most economic and military power
        • The United States Japan Germany The United Kingdom France Italy Canada
      • G7 doesn´t have any decisión- making power, but the group´s proposals regarding policies and economics are often later put into practice by international organisations
    • BRICS
      • Group of emerging economies
        • Brazil Russia India China South Africa
      • They believe that international organisations should be reformed
        • Should be reformed so that there is more proportional representation. This would reflect the influence of these countries on today´s economy

25. ECONOMIC ORGANISATIONS

    • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
      • AIM
        • To encourage economic stability
        • Prevent financial crises
      • method
        • Gives loans to members countries
        • It advises governments on economic matters.
    • North American Free Trade Agreements (NAFTA)
    • The World Trade Organisation (WTO
    • World Bank
      • AIM
        • To provide loans to governments so that they can carry out reform projects and programmes in their countries.