Unit 5. ORAL COMMUNICATION.

Unit 5. ORAL COMMUNICATION.

1. 1. INTRODUCTION

   • oral communication & its main features
   • prepare learners
   • oral communication
     • exchange and negotiation of information
     • speaker & listener = same situational context

2. 2. PRODUCING ORAL DISCOURSE

   • communication vs. oral communication
   • oral production = time pressure = processing conditions
   • time pressure = language used
     • facilitate production
       • simplification
       • ellipsis
       • formulaic expressions
       • time-creating devices
     • compensate for the difficulties
       • reformulation
       • gist of the whole transaction
   • spoken vs. written communication

3. 3. INTERACTIONAL ASPECTS OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

   • oral communication = verbality non-verbal aspects = non linguistic meaning
   • turn-taking system
   • problem of coordinating speech
   • cooperative principle
     • maxim of quantity
     • maxim of quality
     • maxim of relation
     • maxm of manner

4. 4. INTERACTION SKILLS: ROUTINES AND NEGOTIATION

   • good processors & communicators
     • routines & negotiation
   • routines
     • information
       • expository
         • narration description comparison instruction
       • evaluative
         • explanations predictions preferences decisions
     • interaction
       • turns
   • negotiation of meaning
     • appropiate level of expliciteness
       • speaker´s choices of expressions
     • procedures to ensure understanding
     • strategies of communication

5. 5. STRATEGIES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

   • linguistic problems
   • spontaneity of speaking
   • strategic competence
     • communication strategies
       • achievement strategies
         • guessing
           • foreignising
           • code-switching
           • literal translation
           • word coinage
         • paraphrase
           • circumlocution
           • approximation
         • cooperative strategies
           • appealing for help
       • reduction strategies
         • topic avoidance / message reduction
         • message abandonment
         • meaning replacement / substituting the original message

6. 6. CONCLUSION

   • oral communication
   • effective oral communication strategies
   • learners´communicative competence