Systems Architecture

Systems Architecture

1. Fetch/Decode/Execute Cycle

   • Registers are dedicated fast space used to store data that the control unit needs to perform jobs.
   • Programs are stored in the memory so they can be changed easily
   • The control unit fetches 1 instruction at a time, decode (figures out what to do with it) then execute the instruction.
     • Clock speed is the frequency at which the clock generator can generate pulses

2. Embedded systems

   • Examples of embedded systems: Washing machines, digital camera, computer, MP3 players, mobile phones.
     • These systems are used to provide flexibility and efficiency
   • Computer Systems built in a larger device. Has a specific function. Microprocessor, memory input and output interfaces are on a single printed circuit board.

3. Hardware

   • Physical parts of a computer that you can touch and see
     • Output examples: Screen, speakers
     • Input examples: Keyboard, mouse
       • Keyboards, and mice send signals to the CPU.
   • Registers
     • CPU uses registers to temporarily hold tiny bits of data needed by it
   • Buses
     • Address Bus
       • Used to transfer data between the CPU and RAM
     • Data Bus
       • Used to transfer data
     • Control Bus
       • Sends signals on what to do

4. Software

   • the programs and other operating information used by a computer
   • Windows, microsoft excel and photoshop would all be examples of software.

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