CARTOGRAPHY

CARTOGRAPHY

1. Science that represents parts of a Earth surface on a plane.

   • Geographic chart.
     • In aeronautical field there are chart:
       • With flat perspective projection shape
         • The sphere points are projected onto a plane tangent to the sphere
           • According to the point of view there are
             • - Orthographic projections -Scenographic projections -Stereographic projections -Central projections
           • The tangent point can be
             • -Polar -Equatorial or meridian - Horizontal or oblique
       • With cylindrical projection shape
         • The sphere points are projected onto a cylinder tangent to the sphere
           • According to the type of contact between sphere and cylinder there are
             • -Direct projections -Inverse projections -Oblique projections -Direct tangent projections
               • In the last one
                 • The projection point is the center of the Earth. The axes of the cylinder and sphere coincide.
       • With conical projections shape
         • The sphere points are projected onto a cone tangent to the sphere
           • According to the type of contact between sphere and cone there are
             • -Direct projections -Inverse projections -Oblique projections
       • Mercator projetion
         • It's a reworking of the direct tangent cylindrical projection shape
           • Great circle is a curve with a concavity towards the equator. Rhum line is a straight line
           • Constant scales for longitudes and variables for latitudes and distances.
             • The meridian arches are enlarged by the same quantity of parallels.
           • Si tratta di carte isogone
             • So
               • The angles formed between meridians and parallels does not change.
       • Lambert projection
         • It's a reworking of the direct conic projection shape
           • They are isogonic charts
           • The projection point is located in the center of the sphere. The cone axis coincides with the rotation axis of the Earth.
           • The meridians are semi-straight line converging in one of the two poles.
             • The parallels are arches with vertex origin
     • By convention we represent Earth with a spherical shape.
       • Scale representation
         • Numerical relationship between the measures on the chart and those real
       • Different types of charts
         • Equidistant Projection
           • Isogonic Projection
             • Equivalent Projection
               • Anaphylactic Projection
                 • It does not meet any requirement but remains within the acceptable limits
               • Correct areas
             • Correct shapes and angle
           • Correct distances
     • That contain
       • -Local informations -Geometric elements
         • In aeronautical charts there are: - Flight routes -Airspace division
         • These elements must be easy to read.
   • By

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