Nigeria Case Study

Nigeria Case Study

1. Basic Facts

   • Capital city - Abuja
   • Colonised by Britain - independence 1960
   • Different climates - Northern Desert + Southern rain
   • Lots of culture - football, Nollywood, music
   • Higher GDP in South - more links
   • Big developement gap - north affected by tribes
   • Conflict over ethnic/religious diversity
   • No political stability

2. Political Links

   • Globally significant - supplies 2.7% world oil + 5th largest peacekeeper
   • Fastest growing in Africa - highest GDP + 3rd biggest secondary sector
   • 70% work in agriculture
   • Part of ECOWAS, CEN-SAD, OPEC, UN + African Union trading groups. Also part of commonwealth
   • Exports oil, gas, rubber, cocoa, cotton
   • High sweet oil reserves mean more money, more jobs and less pressure to scramble for tradable resources.
   • Imports petrol, cars, phones, rice, wheat

3. Industrial Structure

   • Structure - proportion of the workforce employed in each sector
   • Primary - agriculture Secondary - manufacturing Tertiary - Services Quaternary - Technology
   • In LICs, primary is high, informal (self-employed) is high, very little tech
   • NEEs have high secondary + lots of TNCs use their cheap land
   • In HICs, lots of tertiary - healthcare, law, education etc. and growth of tech jobs
   • Between 1975 + 2014, primary dropped, secondary went up a little + tertiary went up a lot
   • Primary dropped - more tech means less people needed in agriculture Secondary up - government not stealing resources - needs people to produce Tertiary up - Better understanding of health etc. so need people to perform service

4. TNCs

   • Headquarters in HIC - operate in NEEs
   • Advantages - provide employment, invest, boost local business, boost economy
   • Disadvantages - poor pay + conditions, country doesn't recieve profit, jobs given to migrants
   • Unilever + shell oil operate in Nigeria
   • Shell - 65,000 jobs, 91% investments are local, but some oil spills + $30 billion lost by tribes to Shell

5. Aid

   • Not just money - food, medicine etc.
   • Gets aid bc it's poor - 170 million people earn <$1/day
   • Education aided- only 57% women get middle school
   • Recieves $500 million from UK, USA + UN - UK gave $1.14 billion in 5 years
   • Small-scale (bottom-up) is effective - directly given, not through governments
   • Examples - NGO mosquito nets + teaching, $500 million from World Bank, USA AIDS education, USAID orphan help

6. Environmental Issues

   • Industrial Growth - illegal activity, chemical disposal , chimneys + desertification pollute, 75% forests destroyed
   • Commercial farming - land degradation, water pollution, soil erosion + extinction
   • Urban Growth - favelas destroy habitats, traffic congestion pollutes + greenfield is built on
   • Mining - damage to ecosystems, soil erosion, oil spills cause water pollution + fires

7. Quality of Life

   • Need better paid jobs, better infrastructure, more clothes, food and more education for more doctors etc.
   • HDI is low but improving quickly
   • In 2005, 4% people had internet, 2013, 38% had it
   • Infant mortality has decreased by 4.2%
   • Some has got worse - e.g. people per doctor + access to healthcare decreased by 6%
   • Development gap opening - lots more access to facilities, infrastructure etc. in urban areas, where as rural is much poorer