COGNITIVISM

COGNITIVISM

1. Psychology of learning which emphasizes human cognition or intelligence as a special endowment enabling man to form hypotheses and develop intellectually. It is also known as cognitive development. It involves how we think and gain knowledge, involves examining learning, memory, problem solving skills, and intelligence.

2. THEORIES OF LEARNING

   • focus on the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and address the issues of how information is received, organized, stored, and retrieved by the mind.
   • Social Learning Theory. Albert Bandura
     • Agrees with behaviorist theory of classical and operational conditioning
     • Mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses.
       • 1. ATTENTION 2. RETENTION 3. REPRODUCTION 4. MOTIVATION
     • Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
       • Individuals that are observed are called models. In society, children are surrounded by many influential models, such as parents within the family, characters on children’s TV, friends within their peer group and teachers at school. These models provide examples of behavior to observe and imitate
   • Cognitive Theory Jean Piaget
     • It explains the mental processes, and how they are influenced by internal and external factors in order to produce a learning.
   • Sociocultural learning theory. Leo Vigotsky
     • learner's environment plays a pivotal role in his/her learning development. According to Vygotsky the learning process actually involves three key themes: culture, language, and the “zone of proximal development
   • Psychosocial theory. Erick Ericson
     • According to psychosocial theory, we experience eight stages of development over our lifespan, from infancy through late adulthood. At each stage there is a conflict, or task, that we need to resolve. Successful completion of each developmental task results in a sense of competence and a healthy personality. Failure to master these tasks leads to feelings of inadequacy.

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