ahmed has tremors

ahmed has tremors

1. anatomy

   • pyramidal and extrapyrimdal tracts
   • Cerebellum
   • basal ganglia

2. tremors

   • risk factors
     • age
       • Above 40-50
     • family history
   • types
     • resting
       • Parkinson’s
       • Parkinsonism
         • causes
           • Atherosclerosis (Vascular Parkinsonism)
           • Drugs
           • Head trauma (Punch-Drunk syndrome)
           • Post-encephalitis
       • Wilson’s disease
     • intention
       • Cerebellar disease
     • postural
       • Physiological
       • Essential
   • clinical presentation
     • Pheochromocytoma
     • Thyrotoxicosis
     • Liver disease
   • Past-Medical History
     • repeated head injury
     • cerebellar surgery
   • induced
     • drugs
       • medications
         • Anticonvulsant drugs
         • Immunosuppressants
         • Cancer medicines
     • Caffeine
     • sleep deprivation
     • alchohol

3. Parkinson disease

   • clinical features
     • tremors
       • resting
     • Rigidity
     • Bradykinesia
     • Hypokinesia
     • Postural instability
   • pathophysiology
     • death of dopaminergic neurons
     • protein aggregation
       • Lewy bodies
     • disruption of autophagy
   • Management
     • act on dopamine receptor
       • Levodopa
         • +Carbidopa
     • COMT inhibitors
       • Tolcapone
       • Entacapone
     • MOA-B inhibitors
       • Selegiline, Rasagiline
   • late features
     • Quality of life declines rapidly
     • not be able to perform any physical movements without assistance
       • severe posture issues
     • dementia

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